Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/xātun: difference between revisions

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→‎Etymology: I insist on tagging this with Sogdian since that is the most common opinion and for the benefit of researches exploring (potential) Sogdian words in Turkic, but a more critical view should also be represented, perhaps some finer points could be discussed at the Sogdian entry?
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==Proto-Turkic==
==Proto-Turkic==


===Alternative reconstructions===
===Reconstruction===
* {{alter|trk-pro|*qātun}}<ref>{{R:SIGTYA|vol=4|page=297}}</ref> {{q|later}}
Initial x- was replaced by q- relatively early.

⚫
It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
Most commonly derived from {{der|trk-pro|sog|𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳|ts=xwatēn, xutēn|t=queen}}, but difficulties relating the Turkic form to Sogdian vocalism and language history may imply borrowing from a different {{der|trk-pro|ira-nei}} language, such as {{bor|trk-pro|ira-sak}} suggested by Dybo, of an unattested form cognate or analogous to the Sogdian one. Compare {{cog|xbc|χοαδηο|ts=xʷadēw|t=lord}}. <!-- Having more Iranic cognates here would be desirable if they exist or a "see {{m|ira-pro|**hwatáHuwah}} [?]" if it's reconstructable -->
Borrowed from {{bor|trk-pro|ira-nei}}, perhaps via {{cog|ira-sgc}}<ref name="Clauson" /><ref name="Rasanen" /> or {{cog|ira-sak}}<ref name="Dybo">{{cite-journal|2014|[[w:Anna Dybo|Dybo, Anna]]|Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction|Tatarica, 2|url=https://kpfu.ru/portal/docs/F230999094/01.pdf|page=9}}</ref>, ultimately from {{der|trk-pro|ira-pro|*hwatáHuniH}}, compare {{cog|sog|𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳|ts=xutēn|t=queen}}, {{m|sog|𐫟𐫇𐫤𐫀𐫇}}, {{l|sog|𐼲𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼴|ts=xutāw, xuδāw|t=lord, sovereign}}, {{cog|xbc|χοαδηο|ts=xʷadēw|t=lord}}.<!-- Having more Iranic cognates here would be desirable if they exist or a "see {{m|ira-pro|**hwatáHuwah}} [?]" if it's reconstructable -->


A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-{{der|trk-pro|xgn}} origin, evidenced by [[w:Xianbei|Xianbei]] {{m|und|}}, and analyzed by him as cognate with {{m|trk-pro|*kagan|t=[[khan]]}} and hypothetical feminine suffix {{m|und||*-tun}} found in [[w:Xianbei|Xianbei]] {{m|und|ts=(a)matun|t=mother}}.
A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-{{der|trk-pro|xgn}} origin, evidenced by [[w:Xianbei|Xianbei]] {{m|und|}}, and analyzed by him as cognate with {{m|trk-pro|*kagan|t=[[khan]]}} and hypothetical feminine suffix {{m|und||*-tun}} found in [[w:Xianbei|Xianbei]] {{m|und|ts=(a)matun|t=mother}}.<ref name="TMN">{{R:TMN|vol=3|page=132|section=1159}}</ref>


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{head|trk-pro|noun}}<ref name="TMN" /><ref name="Rasanen">{{R:trk:Rasanen|page=157}}</ref><ref name="Clauson">{{R:trk:Clauson|page=602|entry=xa:tun}}</ref><ref>{{R:tr:Nishanyan|kadın|url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kad%C4%B1n&lnk=1}}</ref>
{{head|trk-pro|noun}}


# {{top|trk-pro|Female|Monarchy|Nobility}}[[queen]], [[lady]]
# {{top|trk-pro|Female|Monarchy|Nobility}}[[queen]], [[lady]]


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
⚫
It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.
{{top3}}
{{top3}}
* {{desc|xqa|قاتُونْ|tr=qātūn}}
* {{desc|xqa|قاتُونْ|tr=qātūn}}
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** East Kipchak:
** East Kipchak:
*** {{desc|ky|катын|t=woman, wife; elderly woman}}
*** {{desc|ky|катын|t=woman, wife; elderly woman}}
⚫
*Altay (Southern):
⚫
*** {{desc|alt|кадыт}}
⚫
***: Teleut: {{l|alt|қаты}}, {{l|alt|каат}}
** North Kipchak:
** North Kipchak:
*** {{desc|ba|ҡатын}}
*** {{desc|ba|ҡатын}}
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** {{desc|tk|hātyn}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
** {{desc|tk|hātyn}} {{qualifier|obsolete}}
* Siberian:
* Siberian:
** Altai (Northern):
** Northern Altai:
*** {{desc|atv|-}}
*** {{desc|atv|-}}
**** Kumandy: {{l|atv|кат}}, {{l|atv|каат}}
**** Kumandy: {{l|atv|кат}}, {{l|atv|каат}}
**** Chelkan: {{l|atv|кадыт}} <!-- ? -->
**** Chelkan: {{l|atv|кадыт}} <!-- ? -->
⚫
** Southern Altay:
⚫
*** {{desc|alt|кадыт}}
⚫
***: Teleut: {{l|alt|қаты}}, {{l|alt|каат}}
** Sayan:
** Sayan:
*** {{desc|tyv|када}}, {{l|tyv|кадай|t=old woman}} {{qualifier|highly dubious}}
*** {{desc|tyv|када}}, {{l|tyv|кадай|t=old woman}} {{qualifier|highly dubious}}
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{{bottom}}
{{bottom}}


===Further reading===
===References===
<references />
* {{R:trk:Clauson|page=602|entry=xa:tun}}
* {{R:TMN|vol=3|page=132|section=1159}}
* {{R:trk:Rasanen|page=157}}
* {{R:SIGTYA|vol=4|page=297}}
* {{R:tr:Nishanyan|kadın|url=http://www.nisanyansozluk.com/?k=kad%C4%B1n&lnk=1}}
* [[w:Anna Dybo|Dybo, Anna]] ''Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction'', Tatarica, 2, page 7-17

Revision as of 22:12, 22 August 2018

A user has added this reconstruction page to requests for deletion(+).
Please see that page for discussion and justifications. You may continue to edit this reconstruction page while the discussion proceeds, but please mention significant edits at the RFD discussion and ensure that the intention of votes already cast is not left unclear. Do not remove the {{rfd}} until the debate has finished.
This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, perhaps via Sogdic[2][3] or Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "ira-sak" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF.[4], ultimately from Proto-Iranian *hwatáHuniH, compare Sogdian 𐼶𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼳 (xwtʾynh /⁠xutēn⁠/, “queen”), 𐫟𐫇𐫤𐫀𐫇 (xwtʾw), 𐼲𐼴𐽂𐼰𐼴 (ɣwtʾw /⁠xutāw, xuδāw⁠/, “lord, sovereign”), Bactrian χοαδηο (xoadēo /⁠xʷadēw⁠/, “lord”).

A minority view by Doerfer holds that the word is of Para-Mongolic origin, evidenced by Xianbei [Term?], and analyzed by him as cognate with *kagan (“khan”) and hypothetical feminine suffix *-tun found in Xianbei [Term?] (/⁠(a)matun⁠/, “mother”).[5]

Noun

*xātun[5][3][2][6]

  1. queen, lady

Descendants

It is generally difficult to ascertain which forms are inherited and which are reborrowed from neighboring languages.

  • Karakhanid: قاتُونْ (qātūn)
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak
  • Oghuz:
  • Siberian:
  • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (xatun)
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐱃𐰆𐰣 (qatun)
  • → Old Armenian: խաթուն (xatʻun)
  • → Manchu: [script needed] (katun, “princess, empress, queen”)
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *katun (if not inherited from Pre-Mongolic)
    Kalmyk: [script needed] (χatn̥, “wife, noblewoman, queen”)
    Khalkha: хатан (xatan)
    Ordos: [script needed] (ġatun, “lady, prince's wife”)
  • → Persian: خاتون (xātūn) (possibly, if not from Sogdian directly) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Tibetan: [script needed] (k'at'un, “princess”)

References

  1. ^ Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 297
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xa:tun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 602
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 157
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the parameter "1"; the value "2014" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1159, page 132
  6. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kadın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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