Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tr̥fšah: difference between revisions

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{{reconstructed}}
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==Proto-Iranian==
==Proto-Iranian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|ira-pro|*tr̥fšah||metathized}}<ref name="IIFL" /><ref>{{R:ira:LMPPW|tryfš|88}}</ref><ref>{{R:xme:Asatrian:2011|tār²|387}}</ref><ref>{{R:ps:NEVP|triw}}</ref>


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{unk|ira-pro|Uncertain}}; possibly from {{inh|ira-pro|iir-pro|*tr̥psas}}, from {{der|ira-pro|ine-pro||*térp-s-t ~ *tr̥p-s-ént}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*terp-|t=to congeal; to curdle}} (whence {{cog|la|torpeō|t=to be stiff}}). Possibly cognate with {{cog|sa|तृप्र|tr=tṛprá|t=soma, juice of the soma plant}}<ref>{{R:inc:EWAia|vol=I|tṛprá-|666}}</ref>.
⚫
From {{inh|ira-pro|ine-pro|*ters-}}.


===Adjective===
===Adjective===
{{head|ira-pro|adjective}}<ref name="ESVJa">{{R:wbl:ESVJa|trəṣ̌p|page=360}}</ref><ref name="IIFL">{{R:ira:IIFL|vol=II|page=67}}</ref>
{{head|ira-pro|noun|g=f}}

⚫
# [[sour]], [[acid]]
# [[thirsty]]


⚫
# [[sour]], [[acidic]]
====Derived terms====
* {{l|ira-pro|*tŕ̥šyati-kaH|t=sour; a kind of herb, Rumex}}
** Northeastern Iranian:
*** {{desc|os|тауӕг|t=sour, Rumex}}, {{l|os|таффӕ|t=Rumex}} {{q|in Digor dialect}}
*** {{desc|xco|چفک|tr=čfk|ts=čafak|t=sour}}
** Southeastern Iranian:
*** {{desc|ps|تروکۍ|tr=tarwákaj|t=tomato; Rumex}}
** Northwestern Iranian:
⚫
*** {{desc|ku|t=Rumex}}
***: {{desc|ckb|تروشکە|tr=tirušika}}, {{l|ckb|ترۆشکە|tr=tirōška}}, {{l|ckb|ترۆشک|tr=tirōšk}}
⚫
***: {{desc|kmr|tirşik|tr=tiršik}}, {{l|kmr|tirşok}}
⚫
***: {{desc|sdh|ترشگی|tr=tiršigī}}
⚫
**** {{desc|tr|tirşik|bor=1}}
*** Old {{desc|mzn|ترشه|tr=tirša|t=a kind of herb, Rumex}} <ref>[https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/186540/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b4%da%a9], "ترشک" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.</ref>
**** {{desc|mzn|ترشه|tr=tërša|t=Rumex}}
*** {{desc|hac|ترشکی|tr=tirškī}}
** Southwestern Iranian <ref>[https://www.parsi.wiki/fa/wiki/186540/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b4%da%a9], "ترشک" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.</ref>:
*** {{desc|fa-cls|ترشک|tr=turušak|t=Rumex}}, {{l|fa|ترشه|tr=turuša|t=Rumex}}
***: {{desc|prs|ترشک|tr=turšak|t=tomato}}
***: {{desc|fa-ira|ترشک|tr=toršak|t=Rumex}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
{{top3}}
{{top3}}
* Central Iranian:
** {{desc|ae|𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬴|t=[to feel] thirsty}}
* Northeastern Iranian:
* Northeastern Iranian:
** {{desc|wbl|ts=truc|t=bitter}}
** {{desc|wbl|trəṣ̌p}}
**: {{desc|wbl|تروڅ|sclb=1}}
** {{desc|yai|тишпа|tr=tíšpa}}
**: {{desc|wbl|труц|sclb=1}}
** {{desc|xco|چف|tr=čf|ts=čaf|t=be sour}}
** {{desc|sog|-|ts=tarpārak|t=acid}}
**: {{desc|sog||tr=trpʾrʾk|sc=Sogd}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls|ترپک|tr=tarpak|t=a kind of sour Kashk, Black kashk|bor=1}}, {{l|fa|ترپه|tr=tarpa}}
⚫
***: {{desc|fa-ira|ترف|tr=tarf}}
**** {{desc|ar|طربق|tr=ṭarbaq|bor=1}}
* Southeastern Iranian:
* Southeastern Iranian:
** {{desc|ps|تریو|tr=tríw}}
** {{desc|ira-sym-pro|*təršp}}
** {{desc|isk||tr=truš}} {{q|Perhaps via Persian}}
*** {{desc|ira-mny-pro|*təršp}}
** {{desc|srh||tr=trāc}}
**** {{desc|mnj|tr=tᵊrəšpá}}
⚫
**** {{desc|ydg|tr=trišp}}
⚫
*** {{desc|ira-shy-pro|*tux̌p}}
⚫
**** {{desc|ira-shr-pro|*tux̌p}}
⚫
***** {{desc|srh|tыx̌p}}, {{l|srh|tůx̌p}}
⚫
***** {{desc|sgh|-}}
*****: {{lect|sgh|bar|xug|xuf|ros}}: {{l|sgh|tux̌p|g=m}}, {{l|sgh|tax̌p|g=f}}
⚫
**** {{desc|yah|tax̌p}}
** {{desc|oru|tr=tōf|unc=1}}<ref>{{R:iir:Irano-Dardica|142}}</ref>
* Northwestern Iranian:
* Northwestern Iranian:
** {{desc|bal|ترش|tr=truš}}, {{l|bal|ترپش|tr=trupš}}, {{l|bal|ترشپ|tr=trušp}}
** {{desc|bal|ترشپ|tr=trušp}}
** {{desc|ku|}}
** {{desc|xpr|-}}
**: {{desc|ckb|ترش|tr=tirš}}
**: {{desc|xpr|𐫎𐫡𐫏𐫜𐫢|ts=trifš|sclb=1}}
⚫
** {{desc|ku|-}}
**: {{desc|kmr|tirş|tr=tirš|t=acid}}, {{l|kmr|turş|tr=turš}}, {{l|kmr|têhnî|tr=tēhnī|t=thirsty}}
**: {{desc|sdh|ترش|tr=tirš}}
**: {{desc|ckb|تورش}}
** {{desc|ira-mpr-pro}}
** {{desc|glk|ترش|tr=turš}}
*** Caspian:
**** {{desc|glk|ترش|tr=turš}} {{q|Perhaps via Persian}}
**** Old {{desc|mzn|ترش|tr=tirš}}
***** {{desc|mzn|ترش|tr=tërš}}
*** {{desc|xme-old|*tr̥šyati}}
**** {{desc|xme-azr|*ترش|tr=tirš}}
***** {{desc|hrz|ترش|tr=tərš}}
***** {{desc|kgn|ترش|tr=terš}}
⚫
**** {{desc|tly|-|ts=tirš}}
****: {{desc|tly|ترش|sclb=1}}
****: {{desc|tly|tirş|sclb=1}}
*** {{desc|xpr|-|ts=trifš}}
***: {{desc|xpr|𐫎𐫡𐫏𐫜𐫢|sc=Mani|sclb=1}}
*** Zaza-Gorani:
**** {{desc|hac|ترش|tr=tirš}}, {{l|hac|ترشە|tr=tirša}}
**** {{desc|zza|tirş|tr=tirš}}
* Southwestern Iranian:
* Southwestern Iranian:
** {{desc|peo|*𐎫𐎼𐏁𐎹𐎫|ts=*tr̥šyati}}
** {{desc|lrc|تؤرش|tr=torš}}
*** {{desc|pal|-|ts=truš; trufš}}
** {{desc|pal|-}}
***: {{desc|pal|tr=trwš|sc=Phlv|sclb=1}}, {{l|pal||tr=trwpš|sc=Phlv}}
**: {{desc|pal|tr=trwš|ts=truš|sc=Phlv|sclb=1}}, {{l|pal|tr=trwpš|ts=trufš|sc=Phlv}}
**** {{desc|fa-cls|ترش|tr=tur(u)š|t=sour}}
*** {{desc|fa-cls|ترش|tr=tur(u)š}}
****: {{desc|prs|ترش|tr=tur(u)š}}
***: {{desc|prs|ترش|tr=tur(u)š}}
****: {{desc|fa-ira|ترش|tr=tor(o)š}}
***: {{desc|fa-ira|ترش|tr=tor(o)š}}
****: {{desc|tg|турш}}, {{l|tg|туруш}}
***: {{desc|tg|турш}}, {{l|tg|туруш}}
***** {{desc|ps|تروش|tr=trúš|bor=1}}, {{l|ps|ترش|tr=tróš}}
**** {{desc|ps|تروش|tr=trúš|bor=1}}, {{l|ps|ترش|tr=tróš}}
**** {{desc|wne|tr=trūž|bor=1}}<ref>{{R:ps:NEVP|trix}}</ref>
**** Lurish:
**** {{desc|isk|tr=trəš|bor=1}}, {{l|isk|tr=tᵊrüš}}, {{l|isk|tr=tᵊruš}}, {{l|isk|tr=truš}}<ref name="IIFL_tɛrəṣ̌" />
****: {{desc|lrc|تؤرش|tr=torš}}
**** {{desc|sgy|tr=tɛrəṣ̌|bor=1}}<ref name="IIFL_tɛrəṣ̌">{{R:ira:IIFL|vol=II|tɛ'rəṣ̌|416}}</ref>
{{bottom}}
{{bottom}}


Revision as of 03:30, 1 November 2019

 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥psas, from Proto-Indo-European *térp-s-t ~ *tr̥p-s-ént, from *terp- (“to congeal; to curdle”) (whence Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”)). Possibly cognate with Sanskrit तृप्र (tṛprá, “soma, juice of the soma plant”)[5].

Adjective

*tr̥fšah[6][1]

  1. sour, acidic

Descendants

  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Wakhi: trəṣ̌p
    • Yagnobi: тишпа (tíšpa)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
  • Northwestern Iranian:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Luri: تؤرش (torš)
    • Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (trwš /⁠truš⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (trwpš /⁠trufš⁠/)
      • Classical Persian: ترش (tur(u)š)
        Dari: ترش (tur(u)š)
        Iranian Persian: ترش (tor(o)š)
        Tajik: турш (turš), туруш (turuš)
        • → Pashto: تروش (trúš), ترش (tróš)
        • → Waneci: [script needed] (trūž)[8]
        • → Ishkashimi: [script needed] (trəš), [script needed] (tᵊrüš), [script needed] (tᵊruš), [script needed] (truš)[9]
        • → Sanglechi: [script needed] (tɛrəṣ̌)[9]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 67
  2. ^ The template Template:R:ira:LMPPW does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=tryfš
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎[1], volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 88
  3. ^ Asatrian, Garnik (2011) “tār²”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎[2] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 387
  4. ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “triw”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
  5. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “tṛprá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 666
  6. ^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “trəṣ̌p”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 360
  7. ^ Template:R:iir:Irano-Dardica
  8. ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “trix”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “tɛ'rəṣ̌”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 416
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