ترش

See also: ترس, پرش, پرس, برش, and برس

Arabic

Verb

ترش (form I)

1. تَرُشُّ (taruššu) /ta.ruʃ.ʃu/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
2. تُرَشُّ (turaššu) /tu.raʃ.ʃu/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
3. تَرُشَّ (tarušša) /ta.ruʃ.ʃa/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive/jussive
4. تُرَشَّ (turašša) /tu.raʃ.ʃa/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive/jussive
5. تَرُشِّ (tarušši) /ta.ruʃ.ʃi/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
6. تُرَشِّ (turašši) /tu.raʃ.ʃi/: inflection of رَشَّ (rašša):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tr̥fšah. Compare Persian ترش (torš).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /təɾʃ/

Adjective

Northern Kurdish	tirş

ترش (tirş)

1. sour

Derived terms

• ترشی (tirşî)
• ترشەڵۆک (tirşellok)

Khalaj

Adjective

تُرش (turş)

1. Arabic spelling of turş (“sour”)

Pashto

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian ترش (torš).

Adjective

ترش • (turš)

1. sour
2. (figurative) unsatisfied; irritable
3. (figurative) gloomy; morose

References

• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “ترش”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press, page 184

Persian

Etymology

Ultimately inherited from Proto-Iranian *tr̥fšah.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tu.ɾuʃ], [tuɾʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊʃ], [t̪ʰʊɹʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊʃ], [t̪ʰʊɹʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰʊ.ɾʊʃ], [t̪ʰʊɹʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰu.ɾuʃ], [t̪ʰuɹʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰo.ɹoʃ], [t̪ʰoɹʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰu.ɾuʃ], [t̪ʰuɹʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	turuš, turš
Dari reading?	turuš, turš
Iranian reading?	toroš, torš
Tajik reading?	turuš, turš

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

ترش • (turuš / toroš or turš / torš)

1. sour, tart (tasting acidic)
2. morose, stern
3. fermented

Derived terms

nouns

• ترشبا (turušbā / torošbâ)
• ترشک (turušak / torošak)
• ترشی (turušī / toroši)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: turş
• → Khalaj: turş
• → Pashto: ترش (tróš), تروش (trúš)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਤੁਰਸ਼ (turaś)

  Shahmukhi script: ترش (turš)

Further reading

• Bulkin, Carleton (2012) “ترش”, in Dari-English/English-Dari practical dictionary, 2nd edition, New York: Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ترش”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ترش”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Southwestern Fars

Adjective

ترش (toroš)

1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) sour
2. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) acidic