Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yaw-: difference between revisions
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==Proto-Indo-Iranian== |
==Proto-Indo-Iranian== |
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===Etymology 1=== |
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From {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*yew-|t=to connect}}, and cognate with {{cog|lt|jáuti}} / {{m|lt|jaũti|t=to mix, mingle, blend}}, {{cog|lv|jũtis|t=place of joint, crossroads}}. {{cog|ine-pro|*yewg-|t=to join, yoke}} may be an extension of the root.<ref>{{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>1</sup>|page=215}}</ref><ref name="IAIL1">{{R:inc:IAIL|yav [1]|pages=614-5}}</ref><ref>{{R:sa:EWAia|vol=2|pages=402-3}}</ref> |
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====Root==== |
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# to [[bind]], [[hold]] [[fast]] |
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=====Derived terms===== |
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* Unsorted formations: |
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** {{desc|sa|यु|t=to unite, bind}} |
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** {{desc|ae|tr=yu-|t=to bind, hold}} |
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** {{desc|ae|tr=niiu-|t=to (re)bind, hold}} |
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===Etymology 2=== |
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Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.<ref>{{R:inc:EWAia|page=403|head=YAV<sup>2</sup>|vol=2|pages=403-4}}</ref> Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav2 (sic) seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.<ref name="IAIL2">{{R:inc:IAIL|yav [1]|page=615}}</ref><ref>{{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>2</sup>|pages=215-6}}</ref> |
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====Root==== |
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{{head|iir-pro|root}}<ref name="IAIL2" /> |
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=====Derived terms===== |
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* {{l|iir-pro||*yu-yáw-ti|pos=reduplicated present}} |
* {{l|iir-pro||*yu-yáw-ti|pos=reduplicated present}} |
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** {{desc|inc-pro|*yuyáwti}} |
** {{desc|inc-pro|*yuyáwti}} |
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*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wíyutah}} |
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wíyutah}} |
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**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬙𐬀}} |
**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬙𐬀}} |
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* Unsorted formations: |
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** {{desc|sa|यु|t=to separate}} |
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===Further reading=== |
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* {{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>2</sup>|216}} |
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* {{R:inc:EWAia|page=403|head=YAV<sup>2</sup>|vol=II}} |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
Revision as of 04:00, 30 January 2024
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *yew- (“to connect”), and cognate with Lithuanian jáuti / jaũti (“to mix, mingle, blend”), Latvian jũtis (“place of joint, crossroads”). Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, yoke”) may be an extension of the root.[1][2][3]
Root
*yaw-[2]
Derived terms
- Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: यु (yu, “to unite, bind”)
- Avestan: [script needed] (yu-, “to bind, hold”)
- Avestan: [script needed] (niiu-, “to (re)bind, hold”)
Etymology 2
Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.[4] Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav2 (sic) seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.[5][6]
Root
*yaw-[5]
Derived terms
- *yu-yáw-ti (reduplicated present)
- *yusćati
- *yutás (“separated”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yutás
- Sanskrit: युतद्वेषस् (yutá-dveṣas, “separated from enemies”)
- Proto-Iranian: *yutáh
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíyutas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yutás
- Unsorted formations:
- Sanskrit: यु (yu, “to separate”)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 614-5
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 402-3
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “YAV2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 403 of 403-4
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 615
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 215-6