Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/yaw-: difference between revisions

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==Proto-Indo-Iranian==
==Proto-Indo-Iranian==


===Root===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*yew-|t=to connect}}, and cognate with {{cog|lt|jáuti}} / {{m|lt|jaũti|t=to mix, mingle, blend}}, {{cog|lv|jũtis|t=place of joint, crossroads}}. {{cog|ine-pro|*yewg-|t=to join, yoke}} may be an extension of the root.<ref>{{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>1</sup>|page=215}}</ref><ref name="IAIL1">{{R:inc:IAIL|yav [1]|pages=614-5}}</ref><ref>{{R:sa:EWAia|vol=2|pages=402-3}}</ref>
⚫
{{head|iir-pro|root}}<ref name="IAIL">{{R:inc:IAIL|yav [2]}}</ref>
⚫
# to [[separate]], keep off


====Derived terms====
====Root====
⚫
{{head|iir-pro|root}}<ref name="IAIL1" />

# to [[bind]], [[hold]] [[fast]]

=====Derived terms=====
* Unsorted formations:
** {{desc|sa|यु|t=to unite, bind}}
** {{desc|ae|tr=yu-|t=to bind, hold}}
** {{desc|ae|tr=niiu-|t=to (re)bind, hold}}

===Etymology 2===
Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.<ref>{{R:inc:EWAia|page=403|head=YAV<sup>2</sup>|vol=2|pages=403-4}}</ref> Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav2 (sic) seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.<ref name="IAIL2">{{R:inc:IAIL|yav [1]|page=615}}</ref><ref>{{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>2</sup>|pages=215-6}}</ref>

====Root====
{{head|iir-pro|root}}<ref name="IAIL2" />
⚫
# to [[separate]], [[keep off]]

=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|iir-pro||*yu-yáw-ti|pos=reduplicated present}}
* {{l|iir-pro||*yu-yáw-ti|pos=reduplicated present}}
** {{desc|inc-pro|*yuyáwti}}
** {{desc|inc-pro|*yuyáwti}}
Line 27: Line 44:
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wíyutah}}
*** {{desc|ira-pro|*wíyutah}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬙𐬀}}
**** {{desc|ae|𐬬𐬌𐬌𐬏𐬙𐬀}}
* Unsorted formations:

** {{desc|sa|यु|t=to separate}}
===Further reading===
* {{R:ira:EDIV|*i̯au<sup>2</sup>|216}}
* {{R:inc:EWAia|page=403|head=YAV<sup>2</sup>|vol=II}}


===References===
===References===

Revision as of 04:00, 30 January 2024

 This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *yew- (“to connect”), and cognate with Lithuanian jáuti / jaũti (“to mix, mingle, blend”), Latvian jũtis (“place of joint, crossroads”). Proto-Indo-European *yewg- (“to join, yoke”) may be an extension of the root.[1][2][3]

Root

*yaw-[2]

  1. to bind, hold fast
Derived terms
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Sanskrit: यु (yu, “to unite, bind”)
    • Avestan: [script needed] (yu-, “to bind, hold”)
    • Avestan: [script needed] (niiu-, “to (re)bind, hold”)

Etymology 2

Traditionally considered a secondary derivation from Etymology 1, via the latter's prefixed formations (as a "de-binding"). However, Mayrhofer is skeptical due to the strong semantic divergence from Etymology 1, and separates the two roots.[4] Cheung critiques Mayrhofer's analysis, noting that "many of the derivative formations of yav2 (sic) seem to be (relatively) late, hapax or nonce" (suggesting a secondary derivation), as well as Mayrhofer basing his argument on the supposed existence of a separate root for Etymology 2 in Proto-Indo-European, which does not seem to exist.[5][6]

Root

*yaw-[5]

  1. to separate, keep off
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 614-5
  3. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 402-3
  4. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “YAV2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 403 of 403-4
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yav [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 615
  6. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*i̯au2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 215-6
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