-έω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- -είω (-eíō) — Epic (etymology #3: verbs that are derived from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os))
Etymology
There are five main sources:
- Primary verbs (present verbs of the simple thematic class in origin) from roots ending in *-w-, *-y-, *-s- with intervocalic loss of this consonant: e.g. ῥέω (rhéō), δέω (déō), ζέω (zéō)
- Denominative verbs with *-eyéti, from *-e- (noun thematic vowel) + *-yéti (denominative suffix), usually from nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os) or -ον (-on): e.g. οἰκέω (oikéō) from οἶκος (oîkos), μετρέω (metréō) from μέτρον (métron)
- Denominative verbs with *-esyéti, usually from adjectives in -ής (-ḗs) or neuter nouns in -ος (-os): e.g. τελέω (teléō) from τέλος (télos). These often have an alternative form in -είω (-eíō), for instance τελείω (teleíō).
- Stative verbs with *-éh₁yeti (stative suffix): e.g. φιλέω (philéō), ἀλγέω (algéō)
- Causative or frequentative verbs from o-grade of a root with *-éyeti (causative suffix): e.g. σοβέω (sobéō), φορέω (phoréō)
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.o/
Suffix
-έω • (-éō)
- Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs. Often, not always, added to the stems of thematic nouns or adjectives in -ος (-os).
Inflection
Present: -έω, -έομαι (Uncontracted)
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -έω | -έεις | -έει | -έετον | -έετον | -έομεν | -έετε | -έουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -έω | -έῃς | -έῃ | -έητον | -έητον | -έωμεν | -έητε | -έωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -έοιμῐ | -έοις | -έοι | -έοιτον | -εοίτην | -έοιμεν | -έοιτε | -έοιεν | |||||
| imperative | -εε | -εέτω | -έετον | -εέτων | -έετε | -εόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | -έομαι | -έῃ, -έει |
-έεται | -έεσθον | -έεσθον | -εόμεθᾰ | -έεσθε | -έονται | ||||
| subjunctive | -έωμαι | -έῃ | -έηται | -έησθον | -έησθον | -εώμεθᾰ | -έησθε | -έωνται | |||||
| optative | -εοίμην | -έοιο | -έοιτο | -έοισθον | -εοίσθην | -εοίμεθᾰ | -έοισθε | -έοιντο | |||||
| imperative | -έου | -εέσθω | -έεσθον | -εέσθων | -έεσθε | -εέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -έειν | -έεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -έων | -εόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -έουσᾰ | -εομένη | |||||||||||
| n | -έον | -εόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ῶ | -εῖς | -εῖ | -εῖτον | -εῖτον | -οῦμεν | -εῖτε | -οῦσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶ | -ῇς | -ῇ | -ῆτον | -ῆτον | -ῶμεν | -ῆτε | -ῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | -οίην, -οῖμῐ |
-οίης, -οῖς |
-οίη, -οῖ |
-οῖτον, -οίητον |
-οίτην, -οιήτην |
-οῖμεν, -οίημεν |
-οῖτε, -οίητε |
-οῖεν, -οίησᾰν | |||||
| imperative | -ει | -είτω | -εῖτον | -είτων | -εῖτε | -ούντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | -οῦμαι | -εῖ, -ῇ |
-εῖται | -εῖσθον | -εῖσθον | -ούμεθᾰ | -εῖσθε | -οῦνται | ||||
| subjunctive | -ῶμαι | -ῇ | -ῆται | -ῆσθον | -ῆσθον | -ώμεθᾰ | -ῆσθε | -ῶνται | |||||
| optative | -οίμην | -οῖο | -οῖτο | -οῖσθον | -οίσθην | -οίμεθᾰ | -οῖσθε | -οῖντο | |||||
| imperative | -οῦ | -είσθω | -εῖσθον | -είσθων | -εῖσθε | -είσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | -εῖν | -εῖσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | -ῶν | -ούμενος | ||||||||||
| f | -οῦσᾰ | -ουμένη | |||||||||||
| n | -οῦν | -ούμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -εον | -εες | -εε(ν) | -έετον | -εέτην | -έομεν | -έετε | -εον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | -εόμην | -έου | -έετο | -έεσθον | -εέσθην | -εόμεθᾰ | -έεσθε | -έοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ουν | -εις | -ει | -εῖτον | -είτην | -οῦμεν | -εῖτε | -ουν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | -ούμην | -οῦ | -εῖτο | -εῖσθον | -είσθην | -ούμεθᾰ | -εῖσθε | -οῦντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήσω | -ήσεις | -ήσει | -ήσετον | -ήσετον | -ήσομεν | -ήσετε | -ήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| optative | -ήσοιμῐ | -ήσοις | -ήσοι | -ήσοιτον | -ησοίτην | -ήσοιμεν | -ήσοιτε | -ήσοιεν | |||||
| middle | indicative | -ήσομαι | -ήσῃ, -ήσει |
-ήσεται | -ήσεσθον | -ήσεσθον | -ησόμεθᾰ | -ήσεσθε | -ήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ησοίμην | -ήσοιο | -ήσοιτο | -ήσοισθον | -ησοίσθην | -ησοίμεθᾰ | -ήσοισθε | -ήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | -ηθήσομαι | -ηθήσῃ | -ηθήσεται | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθήσεσθον | -ηθησόμεθᾰ | -ηθήσεσθε | -ηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | -ηθησοίμην | -ηθήσοιο | -ηθήσοιτο | -ηθήσοισθον | -ηθησοίσθην | -ηθησοίμεθᾰ | -ηθήσοισθε | -ηθήσοιντο | |||||
| active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
| infinitive | -ήσειν | -ήσεσθαι | -ηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
| participle | m | -ήσων | -ησόμενος | -ηθησόμενος | |||||||||
| f | -ήσουσᾰ | -ησομένη | -ηθησομένη | ||||||||||
| n | -ῆσον | -ησόμενον | -ηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | -ήκειν, -ήκη |
-ήκεις, -ήκης |
-ήκει(ν) | -ήκετον | -ηκέτην | -ήκεμεν | -ήκετε | -ήκεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | -ήμην | -ησο | -ητο | -ησθον | -ήσθην | -ήμεθᾰ | -ησθε | -ηντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Usage notes
If the root lemma is a noun, then -έω is a denominative suffix, if an adjective -έω is a stative suffix, if a verb -έω is a causative or frequentive suffix.
Derived terms
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, §§ 522.2, 866