-ης

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See also: ης, ἧς, and ᾖς

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Indo-European *-ēs, from masculine *-s over *-os ~ -es- neuter substantive nouns. Afterwards used freely.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ης (-ēsm or f (neuter -ες); third declension

    1. Forms third-declension adjectives with stems in -εσ- (-es-); very common in compounds.
      γένος (génos, offspring, kind) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-γενής (-genḗs, genes)
      εἶδος (eîdos, form, appearance) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-ειδής (-eidḗs, -eides)
      κλέος (kléos, fame, glory) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-κλεής (-kleḗs, -klees)-κλής (-klḗs)
      κρᾰ́τος (krátos, might) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-κρᾰτής (-kratḗs, -crates)
      ἀ- (a-) + ‎ληθ- (lēth-) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎ᾰ̓ληθής (alēthḗs)
      μένος (ménos, might) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-μενής (-menḗs, -menes)
      πλῆθος (plêthos, multitude) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-πληθής (-plēthḗs, -plethes)
      σθένος (sthénos, strength) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-σθενής (-sthenḗs, -sthenes)
      φᾰ́ος (pháos, light) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-φαής (-phaḗs, -phaes)

    Declension

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    Suffix

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    -ης (-ēsm (genitive -ους or -εος); third declension

    1. Forms third-declension proper nouns.
      κλέος (kléos, fame, glory) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-κλέης (-kléēs, -klees)-κλῆς (-klês)
      κρᾰ́τος (krátos, might) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎Κρᾰ́της (Krátēs), -κρᾰ́της (-krátēs)
      μένος (ménos, might) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-μένης (-ménēs, -menes)
      σθένος (sthénos, strength) + ‎-ης (-ēs) → ‎-σθένης (-sthénēs, -sthenes)

    Declension

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    Greek

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ης (-is) (ending of masculine nouns)

    1. ending of parisyllabic masculine nouns, deriving from ancient 1st declension
      1. in -ης, -η, plural -ες, -ών, e.g. ναύτης (náftis, sailor) < ναύτης
      2. in -ής, -ή, plural -ές, -ών, e.g. μαθητής (mathitís, student) < μαθητής
    2. ending of parisyllabic masculine nouns deriving from ancient 3rd declension
      1. in -ης, -η, plural -εις, -εων e.g. λάτρης (látris, worshipper) < λάτρις (servant -of god), μάντης (mántis, seer) < μάντις, πρύτανης (prýtanis, rector) < πρύτανις (ruler)
    3. ending of imparisyllabic masculine nouns deriving from ancient -ιος, -ειος
      1. in -ης, plural -ηδες e.g. κύρης (kýris, master) < κύριος, Βασίλης (Vasílis, Basel) < Βασίλειος
      2. in -ής, plural -ήδες (rare) e.g. πεταλωτής (petalotís, farrier) < πεταλώνω from Hellenistic πεταλῶ < ancient πέταλον
    4. ending of imparisyllabic masculine nouns borrowed from Turkish -cı.
      1. in -τζής plural -τζήδες e.g. καφετζής (kafetzís, café owner or waiter) < Turkish kahveci

    Suffix

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    -ης (-is) (ending of adjectives)

    1. ending of formal adjectives in -ης, -ης, -ες or -ής, -ής, -ές deriving from the corresponding ancient 3rd declension
      e.g. πλήρης (plíris, full) < πλήρης, αήθης (aḯthis, immoral) < ἀήθης
    2. ending of adjectives in -ης, -α, -ικο deriving from Medieval Greek
      e.g. ζηλιάρης (ziliáris, jealous)
    3. ending of adjectives in -άρης (-áris) plural -άρηδες borrowed from Latin -ārius.
      e.g. ταβερνιάρης (taverniáris, taverna owner)
    4. ending of adjectives in -ής, -ιά, -ί and indeclinable -ί, borrowed from Turkish -i (-ι, -u, -ü) and extended to -ής, -ιά, -ί, mainly for names of colours
      e.g. λεμονής (lemonís, lemon), καφετής (kafetís, brownish)
      • examples: ασημής ("silver"), καφετής, πορτοκαλής - Charalambakis, Chistoforos et al. (2014) Χρηστικό λεξικό της νεοελληνικής γλώσσας (Christiko lexiko tis Neoellhnikis Glossas) [A Practical dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek) Athens: Academy of Athens. (online since 2023 - abbreviations - symbols)

    Suffix

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    -ης (-isf (inflectional feminine form)

    1. genitive singular ending of feminine nouns and adjectives ending in deriving from ancient genitive -ης or -ῆς
      e.g. της φίλης f (fílis, friend (female)) < τῆς φίλης
      e.g. της μουσικής f (mousikís, music) < τῆς μουσικῆς

    Suffix

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    -ης (-is) (ending of adverbs)

    1. adverbs in -ής deriving from genitive feminine ending, Hellenistic or Medieval -ῆς.
      e.g. επικεφαλής (epikefalís, in charge), καταγής (katagís, down on the ground)

    Suffix

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    -ης (-is) (obsolete inflectional verb ending)

    1. ending of 2nd person, singular, subjunctive used until the 1960s, deriving from its ancient -ῃς (-ēis) equivalent
      να λύνεις (na lýneis, to untie, solve), or λύεις < να λύνης < ἵνα λύῃς

    Usage notes

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    The dated subjunctive endings -ης2nd singular, -η3rd singular, -ωμεν1st plural may be found in grammar books for Modern Greek published before 1976, when they were reedited to the identically-pronounced indicative endings -εις, -ει, -ουμε/-ομε as Demotic Greek became the official language of education in Greece.

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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