km

See also: .km and KM

㎞ U+339E, ㎞ SQUARE KM ← ㎝ [U+339D] CJK Compatibility ㎟ → [U+339F]

Translingual

Symbol

km

1. (metrology) Symbol for kilometer (kilometre), an SI unit of length equal to 10³ meters (metres).
2. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Khmer.

Related terms

• kms

Translations

kilometer

• Armenian: կմ (km)
• Bengali: please add this translation if you can
• Danish: km (da)
• Georgian: კმ (ḳm)
• Greek: χλμ. (chlm.)
• Hebrew: ק״מ
• Hindi: सहस्रमान (sahasramān)
• Hungarian: km (hu)
• Khmer: គ.ម (km)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lao: ກມ (kam)
• Lü: ᦜᧅ (l̇ak)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: km (no)

  Nynorsk: km

• Russian: км (ru) (km)
• Swedish: km (sv)
• Thai: กม. (th) (km.)
• Yiddish: please add this translation if you can

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Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /kaːm/ → /kaːm/ → /koːm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /kaːm/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /kaːm/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /koːm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: kem

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to complete
2. (transitive) to total, to sum up to
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 127–128:

     km.n.n sfḫjw-djw ḥfꜣw m msw.j ḥnꜥ snw.j

     We totalled seventy-five snakes, comprising my children along with my siblings.

Inflection

Conjugation of km (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: km, geminated stem: kmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
km	kmw, km	kmt	km, j.km	km, j.km

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
km	ḥr km	m km	r km

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	km.n	kmw, km	consecutive	km.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	kmt
perfective3	km	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	km.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	km, j.km1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	km	kmm	potentialis1	km.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	km, j.km1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	km.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	km	active + .tj1, .tw2	km	kmm, kmmj6, km2, kmw2 5, kmy2 5
imperfective	j.km1, km, kmy, kmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.km1, j.kmw1 5, km, kmj6, kmy6	km, kmw5
prospective	km, kmtj7	—	kmtj4, kmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈkuːmaw/ → /ˈkuːmaw/ → /keːm/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkuːmaw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈkuːmaw/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /keːm/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛm/
  • Conventional anglicization: kem

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of kmm: black

Inflection

Declension of km (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	km	kmt
dual	kmwj	kmtj
plural	kmw	kmwt1, kmt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See the ‘Alternative forms’ section under the main verb.

Derived terms

See the ‘Derived terms’ section under the main verb.

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲁⲙⲉ (khame), ⲭⲉⲙⲓ (khemi)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲉⲙⲓ (kemi), ⲕⲉⲙ (kem)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲁⲙⲉ (kame), ⲕⲙⲙⲉ (kmme), ⲕⲁⲙ (kam)

See also

Colors in Egyptian · (jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors	(ḥḏ)	(km)	(dšr)	(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors	(qnjt)	(ḫsbḏ)	(jrtjw)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 286
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 316.