لاجورد

Persian

FWOTD – 1 July 2014

Alternative forms

• لاژورد (lâžvard, lâžavard)
• لازورد (lâzvard, lâzavard)

Etymology

Usually said to be from the place name Lāžvard in Badakhshan where the stone was mined.

The first component, لاژ, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green”) and cognate to Old Irish glas.

But according to Bailey, the second component goes back to Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”) and is cognate with Wakhi wurt (“stone”), Northern Kurdish ber (“stone”), Central Kurdish بەرد (berd, “stone”), Northern Luri بٱرد (bard, “stone”), Khotanese [script needed] (ūḍāra-, “crystal”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to press together”), on which see Pokorny.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [lɒːd͡ʒˈwæɾd], [lɒːd͡ʒæˈwæɾd]
• IPA^(key): [lɒːd͡ʒˈvæɾd], [lɒːd͡ʒæˈvæɾd], [lɒːd͡ʒeˈvæɾd]

Noun

لاجورد • (lâjvard, lâjavard)

Template:fa-rtlBadakhshan lapis lazuli

1. (mineralogy) lapis lazuli
   • 982, Hudūd al-'Ālam

     و اندر بدخشان معدن سیم است و زر و بیجاده و لاجورد.

     wa andar Badaxšān ma'dan-i sēm ast u zar u bījāda u lājaward.

     and in Badakhshan there are mines of silver, gold, ruby, and lapis lazuli.

2. azure, lapis lazuli (color)

Synonyms

• (azure): لاجوردی (lâjavardi)

Derived terms

• لاجوردی (lâjavardi)

Descendants

• Tajik: ложвард (ložvard), лоҷвард (lojvard), лоҷувард (lojuvard)
• → Arabic: لازورد (lāzaward), لاجورد (lājward)
  • → Byzantine Greek: λαζούριον (lazoúrion), λαζούριν (lazoúrin)
    • Greek: λαζούρι (lazoúri), λαζούριον (lazoúrion)
  • → Medieval Latin: lazulum, lapis lazuli, lazurius, lazurium, lazur, azzurum, azura, azolum
    • → English: lapis lazuli
    • → Italian: azzurro
    • → Middle High German: lāsūr, lāzūr
      • German: Lazur
      • → Czech: lazur
      • → Polish: lazur
        • → Russian: лазу́рь (lazúrʹ)
    • → Old French: azur
      • French: azur
      • → Middle English: asure
        • English: azure
        • Scots: asure
      • → Portuguese: azur
      • → Spanish: azur
    • → Old Galician-Portuguese: azur
      • Portuguese: azul
    • → Old Spanish: azur
      • Spanish: azul, açul
• → Azerbaijani: lacivərd
• → Classical Syriac: ܠܐܙܘܪܕ (lāʾzward), ܠܙܘܪܕ (lāzward)
• → English: lajvard
• → Georgian: ლაჟვარდი (lažvardi), ლაჟვარდოვანი (lažvardovani)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: लाजवर्द (lājvard)
  • Urdu: لاجورد (lājavard, lājvard), لاژورد (lāžuvard, lāžvard)
  • → English: lajward
• → Kurdish:
  • Central Kurdish: لاجەوەرد (lacewerd), لاجیوەرد (lacîwerd)
  • Northern Kurdish: lacwerd, laciwerd, lajwerd, lajiwerd
• → Middle Armenian: լազուարթ (lazuartʻ), լազվարդ (lazvard), լազուվարդ (lazuvard), լազուարդ (lazuard), լազուար (lazuar), լաժուարդ (lažuard), լաժուրդ (lažurd), լաջուարդ (laǰuard), լաջվարդ (laǰvard), լաճվարդ (lačvard), լաճվարտ (lačvart), լաճիվարդ (lačivard), լաճուարտ (lačuart),
  • Armenian: լաջվարդ (laǰvard)
• → Ottoman Turkish: لاجورد (lâceverd), لاژورد (lâjverd)
  • Turkish: lacivert
• → Punjabi: [script needed] (lājward)
• → Sanskrit: राजावर्त (rājāvarta), लाजवर्त (lājavarta), राजपट्ट (rājapaṭṭa)
  • → Sogdian: [script needed] (rʾcβrt /⁠rājβart⁠/), [script needed] (rʾzβrt /⁠rājwart⁠/, “Rajwart (name of the king of elephants)”)
• → Uzbek: lojuvard

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “լազուարթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 256–257
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “³u̯el-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1138
• Bailey, H. W. (1979) “ūḍāra-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 36b
• Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1311, page 104b
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 51
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 427