automaton

See also: aŭtomaton

English

The Digesting Duck of Jacques de Vaucanson, hailed in 1739 as the first automaton capable of digestion.

A diagram of a formal automaton.

Etymology

From Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self moving, self willed”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: ô-tŏm'ə-tən, ô-tŏm'ə-tŏn, IPA^(key): /ɔːˈtɒmətən/, /ɔːˈtɒməˌtɒn/
• IPA^(key): /əˈtɑməˌtɑn/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

automaton (plural automatons or automata)

1. A machine or robot designed to follow a precise sequence of instructions.
   • 2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 9, in The Line of Beauty […], 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

     Nick had heard her play through the very beginning of it a dozen times, until he was screaming at her in his head to go on. Well, now she did, watching her own hands busying up and down the keyboard as if they were astonishing automata that she had wound up and set in motion, in perfect synchrony, to produce this silvery flow of sound.

2. A person who acts like a machine or robot, often defined as having a monotonous lifestyle and lacking in emotion.

   Due to her strict adherence to her daily schedule, Jessica was becoming more and more convinced that she was an automaton.

   • July 12, 1816, Thomas Jefferson, letter to Samuel Kercheval Monticello

     A departure from principle in one instance becomes a precedent for a second, that second for a third, and so on 'til the bulk of the society is reduced to be mere automatons of misery, to have no sensibilities left but for sinning and suffering.

   • 1842, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Lady Anne Granard, volume 1, pages 228-229:

     —to the young man who filled a place at table as the permitted, not invited, the unrewarded labourer for an ungrateful taskmaster—the handsome dangler, allowed to join in a quadrille, on the condition of being an automaton before and after—the listener to young members, and old women of rank—the person who must bore nobody, but whom every body had a right to bore!

3. A formal system, such as a finite-state machine or cellular automaton.
4. A toy in the form of a mechanical figure.
5. (dated) The self-acting power of the muscular and nervous systems, by which movement is effected without intelligent determination.

Hyponyms

• robot

Derived terms

• auton
• Büchi automaton
• cellular automaton
• pushdown automaton

 

Related terms

• automat
• automatic
• automation
• automatization
• automatize

 

Translations

machine or robot designed to follow a precise sequence of instructions

• Albanian: automat (sq) m
• Cherokee: ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏴᏫ (talugisgi yvwi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 自動機器／自动机器, 自动机器 (zìdòng jīqì)

• Czech: automat (cs) m
• Dutch: automaat (nl) m
• Finnish: automaatti (fi)
• French: automate (fr) m
• German: Automat (de) m
• Greek:

  Ancient: αὐτόματον n (autómaton)

• Hungarian: automata (hu)
• Icelandic: sjálfvirki m, vélmenni (is) n
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Ido: automato (io)
• Indonesian: otomat (id)
• Italian: automa (it) m
• Japanese: オートマトン (ōtomaton), 自動機械 (じどうきかい, jidō-kikai)
• Latin: automatum n, automaton n
• Macedonian: автома́т m (avtomát)
• Portuguese: autômato (pt) m
• Romanian: automat (ro) n
• Russian: автома́т (ru) (avtomát)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ауто̀ма̄т m

  Roman: autòmāt (sh) m

• Spanish: autómata (es) m
• Swedish: automat (sv) c
• Yiddish: אויטאָמאַט m (oytomat)

person who acts like a machine or robot

• French: automate (fr) m or f
• Italian: automa (it) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Polish: automat (pl) m
• Spanish: autómata (es) m or f

formal system

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 自動機／自动机 (zh), 自动机 (zh) (zìdòngjī)

• Czech: automat (cs) m
• Finnish: automaatti (fi)
• French: automate (fr) m
• Hungarian: automata (hu)
• Italian: automa (it) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: オートマトン (ōtomaton)
• Macedonian: автома́т m (avtomát)
• Portuguese: autômato (pt) m
• Romanian: automat (ro) n
• Russian: автома́т (ru) (avtomát)
• Swedish: automat (sv) c

toy in the form of a mechanical figure

• French: automate (fr) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Portuguese: autômato (pt) m

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Latin

Alternative forms

• automatum

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αὐτόματον (autómaton), neuter of αὐτόματος (autómatos, “self-moving, self-willed”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /au̯ˈto.ma.ton/, [äu̯ˈt̪ɔmät̪ɔn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /au̯ˈto.ma.ton/, [äu̯ˈt̪ɔːmät̪on]

• Audio (classical):

  (file)

Noun

automaton n (genitive automatī); second declension

1. automaton
2. contraption
3. device

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, Greek-type).

	singular	plural
nominative	automaton	automata
genitive	automatī	automatōrum
dative	automatō	automatīs
accusative	automaton	automata
ablative	automatō	automatīs
vocative	automaton	automata

References

• “autŏmătus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• automaton in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.