Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwerbaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Possibly from Pre-Germanic *kʷerp-, in which case the original form would have been *hwerfaną. If so, then it might be related to Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷer.βɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb[edit]

*hwerbaną[1][2]

  1. to turn; turn around
  2. to move; move about
  3. to change

Inflection[edit]

Conjugation of *hwerbaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwerbō *hwerbaų — *hwerbai ?
2nd singular *hwirbizi *hwerbaiz *hwerb *hwerbazai *hwerbaizau
3rd singular *hwirbidi *hwerbai *hwerbadau *hwerbadai *hwerbaidau
1st dual *hwerbōz *hwerbaiw — — —
2nd dual *hwerbadiz *hwerbaidiz *hwerbadiz — —
1st plural *hwerbamaz *hwerbaim — *hwerbandai *hwerbaindau
2nd plural *hwirbid *hwerbaid *hwirbid *hwerbandai *hwerbaindau
3rd plural *hwerbandi *hwerbain *hwerbandau *hwerbandai *hwerbaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hwarb *hurbį̄
2nd singular *hwarft *hurbīz
3rd singular *hwarb *hurbī
1st dual *hurbū *hurbīw
2nd dual *hurbudiz *hurbīdiz
1st plural *hurbum *hurbīm
2nd plural *hurbud *hurbīd
3rd plural *hurbun *hurbīn
present past
participles *hwerbandz *hurbanaz

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwerban-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 265-266
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xwerbanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 200
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