καρπός

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kar.pós/ → /karˈpos/ → /karˈpos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kar.pós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /karˈpos/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Hellenic *kərpós or *karpós, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“pluck, harvest”), though debated whether via inheritance or borrowing from a different Indo-European branch due to the problematic α (a) in the Greek form. Compare Proto-Germanic *harbistaz (“harvest, autumn”), Proto-Slavic *čerpti (“to scoop, draw”) and Latin carpō (“to pick”), as well as Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “to cut off”). More at Etymology 2 below.

Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀡 (ka-po).

Noun

κᾰρπός • (kărpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. fruit, grain, produce, harvest
2. the product of something: children (fruit of the body), poetry (fruit of the mind), profit

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κᾰρπός; τοῦ κᾰρποῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κᾰρπός ho kărpós	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ kărpṓ	οἱ κᾰρποί hoi kărpoí
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρποῦ toû kărpoû	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn kărpoîn	τῶν κᾰρπῶν tôn kărpôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρπῷ tôi kărpôi	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn kărpoîn	τοῖς κᾰρποῖς toîs kărpoîs
Accusative	τὸν κᾰρπόν tòn kărpón	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ kărpṓ	τοὺς κᾰρπούς toùs kărpoús
Vocative	κᾰρπέ kărpé	κᾰρπώ kărpṓ	κᾰρποί kărpoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κᾰ́ρπῐον (kắrpĭon)
• κᾰρποφῠ́λᾰξ (kărpophŭ́lăx)
• κάρπωμα (kárpōma)
• περικάρπιον (perikárpion)
• πολύκαρπος (polúkarpos)
• χρῡσόκᾰρπος (khrūsókărpos)

Descendants

• → Aromanian: carpo
• → Coptic: ⲕⲁⲣⲡⲟⲥ (karpos)
• Greek: καρπός (karpós)
• Mariupol Greek: карпо́ (karpó)
• → Turkish: karpuz
• → English: carpo-

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp- (“to turn”), and related to Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną (“to turn”) (whence English wharf). Other theories take the origin to be the same as that of Etymology 1.

Noun

κᾰρπός • (kărpós) m (genitive κᾰρποῦ); second declension

2. wrist

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κᾰρπός; τοῦ κᾰρποῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κᾰρπός ho kărpós	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ kărpṓ	οἱ κᾰρποί hoi kărpoí
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρποῦ toû kărpoû	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn kărpoîn	τῶν κᾰρπῶν tôn kărpôn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρπῷ tôi kărpôi	τοῖν κᾰρποῖν toîn kărpoîn	τοῖς κᾰρποῖς toîs kărpoîs
Accusative	τὸν κᾰρπόν tòn kărpón	τὼ κᾰρπώ tṑ kărpṓ	τοὺς κᾰρπούς toùs kărpoús
Vocative	κᾰρπέ kărpé	κᾰρπώ kărpṓ	κᾰρποί kărpoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• Greek: καρπός (karpós)
• → New Latin: carpus (learned)
  • → English: carpus (learned)

Further reading

• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “καρπός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “καρπός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• καρπός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• καρπός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “καρπός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2590 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • cereals idem, page 122.
  • corn idem, page 174.
  • crop idem, page 185.
  • fruit idem, page 347.
  • harvest idem, page 387.
  • produce idem, page 644.
  • standing idem, page 811.
  • wrist idem, page 993.
  • yield idem, page 996.
• Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, volume I, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
• Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• καρπός, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

Greek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaɾˈpos/

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (kărpós, “fruit, grain”).

Noun

καρπός • (karpós) m (plural καρποί)

1. fruit, grain

Declension

Declension of καρπός

	singular	plural
nominative	καρπός (karpós)	καρποί (karpoí)
genitive	καρπού (karpoú)	καρπών (karpón)
accusative	καρπό (karpó)	καρπούς (karpoús)
vocative	καρπέ (karpé)	καρποί (karpoí)

Related terms

• see: ακαρπία f (akarpía, “fruitlessness, barrenness”)

Descendants

→ Aromanian: carpo.

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (kărpós, “wrist”).

Noun

καρπός • (karpós) m (plural καρποί)

1. (anatomy) wrist

Declension

Declension of καρπός

	singular	plural
nominative	καρπός (karpós)	καρποί (karpoí)
genitive	καρπού (karpoú)	καρπών (karpón)
accusative	καρπό (karpó)	καρπούς (karpoús)
vocative	καρπέ (karpé)	καρποί (karpoí)

Related terms

• φρούτο (froúto, “fruit”)

Further reading

• καρπός, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language