Martius

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See also: martius

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Mārs +‎ -ius. As a noun, ellipsis of Mārtius mēnsis m (“month of March”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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Mārtius (feminine Mārtia, neuter Mārtium); first/second-declension adjective

  1. of or belonging to Mars, the god of war; sacred to Mars
  2. (figuratively) warlike, martial
  3. of or belonging to the planet Mars
  4. of or pertaining to the month of March, of March, the first month of the traditional Roman year or third month of the Gregorian calendar

Usage notes

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In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

Declension

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First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative Mārtius Mārtia Mārtium Mārtiī Mārtiae Mārtia
Genitive Mārtiī Mārtiae Mārtiī Mārtiōrum Mārtiārum Mārtiōrum
Dative Mārtiō Mārtiō Mārtiīs
Accusative Mārtium Mārtiam Mārtium Mārtiōs Mārtiās Mārtia
Ablative Mārtiō Mārtiā Mārtiō Mārtiīs
Vocative Mārtie Mārtia Mārtium Mārtiī Mārtiae Mārtia
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Proper noun

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Mārtius m (genitive Mārtiī or Mārtī); second declension

  1. The month of March.

Declension

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Second-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative Mārtius Mārtiī
Genitive Mārtiī
Mārtī1 		Mārtiōrum
Dative Mārtiō Mārtiīs
Accusative Mārtium Mārtiōs
Ablative Mārtiō Mārtiīs
Vocative Mārtī Mārtiī

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

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  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: martsu
    • Romanian: marț
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Padanian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: març
    • Franco-Provençal: mârs
    • Old French: mars (see there for further descendants)
    • Occitan: març
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese: marzo
    • Asturian: marzu
    • Mirandese: Márcio
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: março (see there for further descendants)
    • Old Spanish: março
      • Ladino: marso
      • Spanish: marzo (see there for further descendants)
  • Insular Romance:

Borrowings:

Unsorted borrowings:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
  2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
  3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

Further reading

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  • “Martius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “Martius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
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