Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *olъ, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.lu/

Noun

*alu n

1. beer, ale

Synonyms

• *beuzą

Inflection

The nominative singular lacks the final consonant of the stem. This preserves an old sound change from late PIE, where word-final *-t becomes *-d. According to Grimm's Law, *t shifted to *þ, and *d shifted to *t. Following this, word-final *-t was lost regularly.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *alu (neuter consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*alu	*aluþ
vocative	*alu	*aluþ
accusative	*alu	*aluþ
genitive	*aluþiz	*aluþǫ̂
dative	*aluþi	*aluþumaz
instrumental	*aluþē	*aluþumiz

Descendants

• Old English: alu, ealu
  • Middle English: ale
    • Scots: ale, aill, ayll, yill
    • English: ale
• Old Saxon: alo
• Old Dutch: *alo
  • Middle Dutch: āle
    • Dutch: aal
    • → Old French: godale
      • Middle French: goudale, godaille
        • French: godaille
• Old High German: *alo
  • Middle High German: *ale (attested in compounds)
• >? Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)
  • Old Norse: ǫl
    • Icelandic: öl
    • Faroese: øl
    • Norwegian: øl
    • Old Swedish: øl
      • Swedish: öl
    • Old Danish: øl
      • Danish: øl
    • Elfdalian: öl
    • , ööl
      • Gutnish: öl
• • Estonian: õlu
  • Finnish: olut
  • Ingrian: olut
  • Karelian: olut
  • Livonian: vȯl
  • Veps: olud
  • Votic: õlud
• →? Latvian: alus
• →? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)