Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōtaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mōd- (“to permit, make able”), lengthened o-grade form of *med- (“to measure, give advice, heal”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*mōtaną

1. to be allowed, to be permitted to, may

Inflection

Conjugation of *mōtaną (preterite-present)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mōt	*mōtį̄	—	—	—
2nd singular	*mōst	*mōtīz	—	—	—
3rd singular	*mōt	*mōtī	—	—	—
1st dual	*mōtū	*mōtīw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*mōtudiz	*mōtīdiz	—	—	—
1st plural	*mōtum	*mōtīm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*mōtud	*mōtīd	—	—	—
3rd plural	*mōtun	*mōtīn	—	—	—
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mōsǭ	*mōsēdį̄
2nd singular	*mōsēz	*mōsēdīz
3rd singular	*mōsē	*mōsēdī
1st dual	*mōsēdū	*mōsēdīw
2nd dual	*mōsēdudiz	*mōsēdīdiz
1st plural	*mōsēdum	*mōsēdīm
2nd plural	*mōsēdud	*mōsēdīd
3rd plural	*mōsēdun	*mōsēdīn
	present	past
participles	*mōtandz	*mōsaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *mōtan
  • Old English: mōtan
    • Middle English: moten
      • Scots: mote, mot, moit
      • English: mote
    • ⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)
      • Middle English: moste
        • Scots: moste, most, moist
        • English: must
  • Old Frisian: mōt (present tense)
    • Saterland Frisian: moute
    • West Frisian: moatte
  • Old Saxon: mōtan
    • Middle Low German: môten, moste (past)
      • German Low German: möten
      • → Old Swedish: most (late)
        • Swedish: måste
  • Old Dutch: muotan
    • Middle Dutch: moeten
      • Dutch: moeten
        • Afrikaans: moet
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: mu, muti
        • Negerhollands: moet, moe, mo, mut
        • → Sranan Tongo: moe
      • Limburgish: mótte
  • Old High German: muozan
    • Middle High German: muozen, müezen
      • Alemannic German: müese, müesse
      • Bavarian: miassn

        Cimbrian: missan

      • Central Franconian: mösse, mosse, moße (Ripuarian; older forms); misse, mieße, muße, moße (Moselle Franconian)
        • Hunsrik: misse
        • Luxembourgish: mussen
      • German: müssen
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: misse

      • Yiddish: מוזן (muzn)
• ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan)