Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Alternative reconstructions

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Etymology

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Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-

Root

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*h₂enǵʰ-

  1. to constrict, tighten, compress
  2. narrow, tight
  3. distressed, anxious

Derived terms

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  • *h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, I compress, strangle)
    • Italic:
      • Latin: angō (I cause pain)
  • *h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-us-t-
    • Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (narrowness, tightness, anxiety)
  • *h₂énǵʰ-os
    • Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (worry, grief, anxiety) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-os-to-
    • Latin: angustus (narrow, close) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Albanian:
    • Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)
    • Proto-Celtic: *komangus
      • Welsh: cyfyng
      • Old Irish: cumung (narrow, tight, constricted)
      • Breton kem- prep "with" + eng "narrow"

References

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  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN