Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *h₂emǵʰ-

Etymology

Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-

Root

*h₂enǵʰ-

1. to constrict, tighten, compress
2. narrow, tight
3. distressed, anxious

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enǵʰ- (18 c, 0 e)

• *h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)
• *h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂enǵʰ-us-t-
  • Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)
• *h₂énǵʰ-os
  • Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû), ἄγχι (ánkhi)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂enǵʰ-os-to-
  • Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”) (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: ānxius
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian:
    • Albanian: angësht
  • Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)
  • Proto-Celtic: *komangus
    • Welsh: cyfyng
    • Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)
    • Breton kem- prep "with" + eng "narrow"