Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)azъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• According to Kapović, *ja derives from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂), while jazъ derives from *eǵHóm.
• Kortlandt, responding to Kapović, derives jàzъ from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀźun, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵHóm, and rejects *ja as secondary
• Olander similarly reconstructs only a single early Proto-Slavic form, *ˈēzu, to yield later *ja̋zъ, *já

Pronoun

*(j)ãzъ

1. I

Declension

Declension of the personal pronouns

Singular	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*jãzъ, *jà	*ty̑	—
Accusative	*mę̑	*tę̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*mȅne	*tȅbe	*sȅbe
Locative	*mьně̀	*tebě̀	*sebě̀
Dative	*mьně̀, *mi	*tebě̀, *ti	*sebě̀, *si
Instrumental	*mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀	*tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀	*sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive	*mojь	*tvojь	*svojь
Dual	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*vě̑	*vȃ	—
Accusative	*nȃ	*vȃ	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàju	*vàju	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàju	*vàju	*sebě̀
Dative	*nàma, *na	*vàma, *va	*sebě̀, *si
Instrumental	*nàma	*vàma	*sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь
Plural	1st person	2nd person	Reflexive
Nominative	*my̑	*vy̑	—
Accusative	*ny̑	*vy̑	*sę̑
Genitive	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sȅbe
Locative	*nàsъ	*vàsъ	*sebě̀
Dative	*nàmъ, *ny	*vàmъ, *vy	*sebě̀, *si
Instrumental	*nàmi	*vàmi	*sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀
Possessive	*našь	*vašь	*svojь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ꙗзъ (jazŭ)
  • Belarusian: я (ja)
  • Russian: я (ja)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: я (ja)
  • Ukrainian: я (ja)
  • Old Novgorodian: ѧ (ę), ѧꙁо (ęzo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: азъ (azŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰰⰸⱏ (azŭ)

    • → Old East Slavic: азъ (azŭ)
      • Russian: аз (az) (archaic or religious), азъ (az) (pre-1918 orthography)
  • Bulgarian: аз (az)
  • Macedonian: јас (jas)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ја̑

    Latin script: jȃ

  • Slovene: jȁz (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: já
  • Kashubian: jô
  • Polish: ja
  • Slovak: ja
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: ja
    • Lower Sorbian: ja

Further reading

• Mate Kapović (2009), The accent of Slavic *ja(zъ) ‘I’, Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics (7891-352X) 35 (2009); 53-73
• Mate Kapović (2006), Reconstruction of Balto-Slavic Personal Pronouns with Emphasis on Accentuation, PhD dissertation, University of Zadar
• Frederik Kortlandt (2013), Balto-Slavic personal pronouns and their accentuation., Baltistica 48/1 (2013), 5-11.
• Thomas Olander (2015), Proto-Slavic Inflectional Morphology: A Comparative Handbook, 78-79.