Perhaps from Sanskrit आकृत ( ā́kṛta , “ shaped, arranged ” ) , but this does not explain the geminated k and its retention in descendants. The sound changes would have to assume a retroflex variant of r (a regional Indo-Aryan feature at that time) and the assimilation of t to it as well as spontaneous voicing. This is all dubious.
*𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (*ākkaḍa )[ 1]
stiff , cramped
Central Indo-Aryan:
Eastern Hindi:
Awadhi: akaṛ
Devanagari script: अकड़
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚
Chhattisgarhi: अकड़ ( akaṛ )
Western Hindi:
Braj: अकड़ ( akaṛ )
Bundeli: अकड़ ( akaṛ )
Haryanvi: अकड़ ( akaṛ ) , अक्खड़ ( akkhaṛ )
Kannauji: अकड़
Middle Hindi: اکڙ ( akṛ /akaṛ/ )
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Angika:
Devanagari script: अकड़
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚
Magahi:
Devanagari script: अकड़
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚
Maithili: akaṛ
Devanagari script: अकड़
Tirhuta script: 𑒁𑒏𑒛𑓃
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Central Pahari:
Eastern Pahari:
Western Pahari:
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabic:
Pahari-Potwari: ākaṛ
Gurmukhi script: ਆਕਡ਼
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑ
Punjabi: ākaṛ
Gurmukhi script: ਆਕਡ਼
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑ
Saraiki: ākaṛ
Devanagari script: आकड़ ( ākaṛ )
Multani script: 𑊀𑊄𑊧 ( akṛ /ākaṛ/ )
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑ
Sindhic:
Kachchi: akaṛ
Gujarati script: અકડ઼
Khudawadi script: 𑊰𑊺𑋊
Sindhi: ākuṛu
Arabic script: آڪُڙُ
Devanagari script: आकुड़ु
Khudawadi script: 𑊱𑊺𑋣𑋊𑋣
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Marathi: akaḍ, akkaḍ
Devanagari script: अकड , अक्कड
Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘚 , 𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘎𑘚
Varhadi: akaḷ
Devanagari script: अकळ
Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘯
Western Indo-Aryan:
Ahirani: अक्कड ( akkaḍ )
Gojri: آکَڑ ( ākaṛ )
Gujarati: અક્કડ ( akkaṛ )
Malvi: अकड़ ( akaṛ ) , अक्खड़ ( akkhaṛ )
Marwari:
Devanagari script: अकड़ ( akaṛ )
Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅕𑅲 ( akṛ /akaṛ/ )
Mewari: अकड़ ( akaṛ )
*𑀆𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟-𑀢𑀺 ( *ākkaḍa-ti , verb )
Central Indo-Aryan:
Eastern Hindi:
Western Hindi:
Bundeli: अकड़ना ( akaṛnā )
Haryanvi: अकड़णा ( akaṛṇā )
Middle Hindi: اکڙنا ( akṛna /akṛna/ )
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Angika:
Devanagari script: अकड़बो
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂥𑂷
Bhojpuri: akᵊṛal
Devanagari script: अकड़ल
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂪
Magahi:
Devanagari script: अकड़न
Kaithi script: 𑂃𑂍𑂚𑂢
Maithili: akᵊṛab
Devanagari script: अकड़ब
Tirhuta script: 𑒁𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒥
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Central Pahari:
Eastern Pahari:
Western Pahari:
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabic:
Pahari-Potwari: ākaṛnā
Gurmukhi script: ਆਕੜਨਾ
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑْنا
Punjabi: ākaṛnā, akaṛāuṇā
Gurmukhi script: ਆਕੜਨਾ , ਅਕੜਾਉਣਾ
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑْنا , اَکَڑاؤُݨا
Saraiki: ākaṛaṇ
Devanagari script: आकड़ण ( ākṛaṇ )
Multani script: 𑊀𑊄𑊧𑊕 ( akṛṇ /ākaṛaṇ/ )
Shahmukhi script: آکَڑَݨ
Sindhic:
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Marathi: akaḍṇe
Devanagari script: अकडणे
Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘚𑘜𑘹
Varhadi: akaḷna
Devanagari script: अकळनं
Modi script: 𑘀𑘎𑘯𑘡𑘽
Western Indo-Aryan: