Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaikki
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier *kajëkki (compare *aisa, *aika, *aitta), borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kajakei, plural of *kajakas (whence Lithuanian kiek (“how many”) and Latvian cik (“how many”)).[1][2]
Pronoun
[edit]*kaikki[3]
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *kaikki
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kaikki | *kaik'ët | |
| accusative | *kaik'ën | *kaik'ët | |
| genitive | *kaik'ën | *kaikkëdën *kaikkidën | |
| partitive | *kaikkëda | *kaikkida | |
| inessive | *kaik'ëssa *kaik'ëhna |
*kaik'issa *kaik'ihna | |
| elative | *kaik'ësta | *kaik'ista | |
| illative | *kaikkëhën | *kaikkihën | |
| adessive | *kaik'ëlla | *kaik'illa | |
| ablative | *kaik'ëlta | *kaik'ilta | |
| allative | *kaikkëlën *kaikkëlëk |
*kaikkilën *kaikkilëk | |
| essive | *kaikkëna | *kaikkina | |
| translative | *kaik'ëksi | *kaik'iksi | |
| instructive | *kaik'ën | *kaik'in | |
| comitative | *kaikkënëk | *kaikkinëk | |
| abessive | *kaik'ëtta | *kaik'itta | |
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: kõik
- Finnish: kaikki
- Ingrian: kaik, ⇒ kaikkinee
- Karelian:
- Livvi: kai
- Ludian: kai
- Veps: kaik
- Võro: kyik
- Votic: kõig, kõikki
References
[edit]- ^ Junttila, Santeri. 2019. Lähtökielen sanansisäisten soinnittomien klusiilien edustus kantasuomen balttilaislainoissa: Osa II. Edustus kohdekielen pitkän tavuaineksen jäljessä. [1].
- ^ Ostrowski, Norbert. 2014. On the postponed neuter pronoun *-ja in Baltic.
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kaikki”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto[2] (in Finnish)