Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frumjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr-, *pro-, *perəm-, *prom- (“forth, forward”), from *por- (“forward, through”), *per-, with suffix *-janą.^[1]^[2]^[3] More at English furnish, from.

Verb

*frumjaną

to perform, promote
to accomplish

Inflection

Conjugation of *frumjaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*frumjō	*frumjaų	—	*frumjai	?
2nd singular	*frumisi	*frumjais	*frumi	*frumjasai	*frumjaisau
3rd singular	*frumiþi	*frumjai	*frumjaþau	*frumjaþai	*frumjaiþau
1st dual	*frumjōs	*frumjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*frumjaþiz	*frumjaiþiz	*frumjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*frumjamaz	*frumjaim	—	*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau
2nd plural	*frumiþ	*frumjaiþ	*frumiþ	*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau
3rd plural	*frumjanþi	*frumjain	*frumjanþau	*frumjanþai	*frumjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frumidǭ	*frumidēdį̄
2nd singular	*frumidēz	*frumidēdīz
3rd singular	*frumidē	*frumidēdī
1st dual	*frumidēdū	*frumidēdīw
2nd dual	*frumidēdudiz	*frumidēdīdiz
1st plural	*frumidēdum	*frumidēdīm
2nd plural	*frumidēdud	*frumidēdīd
3rd plural	*frumidēdun	*frumidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*frumjandz	*frumidaz

Synonyms

*framjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *frummjan
- Old Saxon: frummian
  - Middle Low German: vromen
- Old High German: frummen
  - Middle High German: vrümen, vrumen, vromen
    - German: frommen
- → Catalan: fornir
- → Old French: fornir, furnir; /parfornir, parfurnir
  - French: fournir
    - → German: furnieren
  - → Middle English: furnysshen; performen, parfournen
    - English: furnish; perform
- → Italian: fornire
- → Piedmontese: fornì
Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*frumjan)
- → Vulgar Latin: frummiare

References

^ “frumjaną”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN
^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Frumjaną”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

[1] “frumjaną”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

[2] Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN

[3] James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “Frumjaną”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC.

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