Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-).[1][2] Alternatively, *haglaz may be:
- From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-[3]).[4]
- Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
*haglaz m[1]
Inflection[edit]
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *haglaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *haglaz | *haglōz, *haglōs | |
| vocative | *hagl | *haglōz, *haglōs | |
| accusative | *haglą | *haglanz | |
| genitive | *haglas, *haglis | *haglǫ̂ | |
| dative | *haglai | *haglamaz | |
| instrumental | *haglō | *haglamiz | |
Derived terms[edit]
- *haglastainaz (“hailstone”)[4]
Descendants[edit]
- Old English: hagol; hæġl
- Old Frisian: heil
- Old Saxon: hagal
- Old Dutch: *hagal
- Old High German: hagal
- Old Norse: hagl
- → English: haglaz (learned)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hagla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 199
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάχληξ, -ηκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 660
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hihelōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*xaʒlan ~ *xaʒlaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 150