ail
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).
Verb[edit]
ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed)
- (transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)
- Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 21:17:
- What aileth thee, Hagar?
- 2011, "Connubial bliss in America", The Economist:
- Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?
- (intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled.
- 1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
- When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.
- 1740, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
Quotations[edit]
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:ail.
Translations[edit]
|
Noun[edit]
ail (plural ails)
Translations[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”).
Adjective[edit]
ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail)
Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel.
Alternative forms[edit]
Noun[edit]
ail (plural ails)
Anagrams[edit]
Dalmatian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Noun[edit]
ail
References[edit]
- Ive, A. (1886), “L'antico dialetto di Veglia [The old dialect of Veglia]”, in G. I. Ascoli, editor, Archivio glottologico italiano [Italian linguistic archive], volume 9, Rome: E. Loescher, pages 115–187
French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French, from Latin allium.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “ail”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Irish[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha or ailche)
Declension[edit]
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
- Archaic plural: ailche
Derived terms[edit]
- ail leachta, ail in úir (“headstone, monument”)
Related terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
ail | n-ail | hail | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References[edit]
- ^ Ranko Matasović (2009), “*fales-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
Further reading[edit]
- "ail" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- “ail” in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 2nd ed., 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
- Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 22.
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Noun[edit]
ail
- Alternative form of ale (“beer”)
Etymology 2[edit]
Noun[edit]
ail
- Alternative form of hayle (“hail”)
Norman[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old French, from Latin allium.
Noun[edit]
ail m (uncountable)
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
·ail
Mutation[edit]
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
·ail | unchanged | ·n-ail |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Scots[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan.
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailin, simple past ailt, past participle ailt)
References[edit]
- “ail, v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Welsh[edit]
< 1af | 2il | 3ydd > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : dau Ordinal : ail Adverbial : dwywaith Multiplier : dwbl | ||
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Adjective[edit]
ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable) (precedes the noun, triggers soft mutation of all nouns)
- second (ordinal number)
- yr ail lawr ― the second floor
Derived terms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
ail | unchanged | unchanged | hail |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/eɪl
- Rhymes:English/eɪl/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English intransitive verbs
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English adjectives
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- en:Grains
- Dalmatian terms inherited from Latin
- Dalmatian terms derived from Latin
- Dalmatian lemmas
- Dalmatian nouns
- Vegliot Dalmatian
- dlm:Alliums
- dlm:Spices and herbs
- dlm:Vegetables
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French countable nouns
- fr:Alliums
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish feminine nouns
- Irish fifth-declension nouns
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman lemmas
- Norman nouns
- Norman masculine nouns
- Jersey Norman
- nrf:Spices and herbs
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish verb forms
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots verbs
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l
- Rhymes:Welsh/ai̯l/1 syllable
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh adjectives
- Welsh uncomparable adjectives
- Welsh terms with usage examples
- Welsh ordinal numbers