Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/weraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man, hero”), with pretonic shortening before a resonant. Compare Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Irish fear, Welsh gŵr and Lithuanian vyras.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwe.rɑz/

Noun

*weraz m

1. man

   Synonyms: *gumô, *mann-

2. husband

Reconstruction notes

Once used alongside *gumô in the sense of “man, husband”, today it has been replaced by *mann- and its descendants in all surviving Germanic languages.

Inflection

Declension of *weraz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*weraz	*werōz, *werōs
vocative	*wer	*werōz, *werōs
accusative	*werą	*weranz
genitive	*weras, *wiris	*werǫ̂
dative	*werai	*weramaz
instrumental	*werō	*weramiz

Derived terms

• *weraldiz
• *weralīkaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wer
  • Old English: wer
    • Middle English: wer
      • English: wer, were
  • Old Frisian: wer
  • Old Saxon: wer
    • Middle Low German: wēre
  • Old Dutch: *wer
    • Middle Dutch: weer
  • Old High German: wer
    • Middle High German: wer, were
      • German: Wer (archaic or obsolete)
• Proto-Norse: ᚹᛖᚱᚨᛉ (weraʀ)
  • Old Norse: verr
    • Icelandic: ver
    • Faroese: ver-
    • Old Swedish: vær-
      • Swedish: vär-
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair)