Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrebh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʰrebh₂-

1. to seize, grab
2. to dig, rake

Alternative reconstructions

• *gʰrebʰ-
• *gʰreb(ʰ)h₂-
• *gʰerbʰ-
• *gʰreb-

Reconstruction notes

Rix reconstructs *gʰrebh₂- (“seize”) and tentatively *gʰrebʰ- (“dig”). Pokorny reconstructs *gʰrebʰ-, *gʰerbʰ- for both meanings. Derksen derives *grabiti from *gʰreb- rather than *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-. In descendant families, there is contamination between the two meanings.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰrebʰ-‎ (16 c, 0 e)

• *gʰrébh₂-t ~ *gʰr̥bh₂-ént (athematic root aorist)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: अग्रभीत् (ágrabhīt)
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬠𐬆𐬨 (grabəm)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (kar(ap)p-, “lift”)
• *gʰr̥b-né-h₂-ti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥bʰnáHti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥bʰnáHti
      • Vedic Sanskrit: गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti)
        • Classical Sanskrit: गृह्णाति (gṛhṇāti) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gər^əβnāⁱti)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (kar(ap)piezzi, “lifts up”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gruppōną (see there for further descendants)
• *gʰe-gʰróbh₂-e ~ *gʰe-gʰr̥bh₂-ḗr (stative)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰagrábʰa
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́agrábʰa
      • Sanskrit: जग्रभ (jagrabha)
    • Proto-Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬘𐬁𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬠𐬎𐬱 (jāgər^əbuš)
• *gʰróbh₂-e-ti (o-grade thematic present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *grabaną (see there for further descendants)
• *gʰrobh₂-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Slavic: *grabiti
• *gʰróbh₂-o-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *grábʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grábʰas
      • Vedic Sanskrit: ग्रभ (grabha), ग्राभ (grābha)
        • Classical Sanskrit: ग्रह (graha), ग्राह (grāha) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Slavic: *grobъ
• *gʰrébh₂-tus ~ *gʰr̥bh₂-téws
  • Proto-Germanic: *graftuz
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Slavic: *gretì
  • Proto-Germanic: *grabą, *grōbō, *grōbiz, *grēbiz, *grubilōną

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *grabʰ-
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grabʰ-
    • Vedic Sanskrit: ग्रभ् (grabh)
      • Classical Sanskrit: ग्रह् (grah)