ग्रह

See also: ग्रह् and गिरिह

Hindi

ग्रह

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रह (graha).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾəɦ/, [ɡɾɛʱ]

Noun

ग्रह • (grah) m (Urdu spelling گرہ)

1. (astronomy) planet

Declension

Declension of ग्रह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ग्रह grah	ग्रह grah
oblique	ग्रह grah	ग्रहों grahõ
vocative	ग्रह grah	ग्रहो graho

See also

• planets of the Solar System: सौरमंडल के ग्रह (saurmaṇḍal ke grah): बुध (budh) · शुक्र (śukra) · पृथ्वी (pŕthvī)/धरती (dhartī) · मंगल (maṅgal) · बृहस्पति (bŕhaspati)/गुरु (guru) · शनि (śani) · अरुण (aruṇ) · वरुण (varuṇ) ^[edit]

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “ग्रह”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 1368
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “ग्रह”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 185
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ग्रह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 281
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “ग्रह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 165.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ग्रह (graha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾə.ɦə/

Noun

ग्रह • (grah) m

1. (geography) planet

Declension

Declension of ग्रह (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	ग्रह graha
direct plural	ग्रह graha
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	ग्रह graha		ग्रह graha
oblique सामान्यरूप	ग्रहा grahaā		ग्रहां- grahaān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	ग्रहाला grahaālā		ग्रहांना grahaānnā
ergative	ग्रहाने, ग्रहानं grahaāne, grahaāna		ग्रहांनी grahaānnī
instrumental	ग्रहाशी grahaāśī		ग्रहांशी grahaānśī
locative सप्तमी	ग्रहात grahaāt		ग्रहांत grahaāt
vocative संबोधन	ग्रहा grahaā		ग्रहांनो grahaānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of ग्रह (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	ग्रहाचा grahaāċā	ग्रहाचे grahaāċe	ग्रहाची grahaācī	ग्रहाच्या grahaācā	ग्रहाचे, ग्रहाचं grahaāċe, grahaāċa	ग्रहाची grahaācī	ग्रहाच्या grahaācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	ग्रहांचा grahaānċā	ग्रहांचे grahaānċe	ग्रहांची grahaāñcī	ग्रहांच्या grahaāncā	ग्रहांचे, ग्रहांचं grahaānċe, grahaānċa	ग्रहांची grahaāñcī	ग्रहांच्या grahaāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “ग्रह”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Nepali

Etymology

From Sanskrit ग्रह (graha).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡrʌ̤ː]
• Phonetic Devanagari: ग्रः

Noun

ग्रह • (graha)

1. (astrology) planet

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গ্ৰহ (Assamese script)
• ᬕ᭄ᬭᬳ (Balinese script)
• গ্রহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰿𑰨𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• ဂြဟ (Burmese script)
• ગ્રહ (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦿꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂹𑂩𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಗ್ರಹ (Kannada script)
• គ្រហ (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣຫ (Lao script)
• ഗ്രഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘿𑘨𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠠᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧠𑧈𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑑂𑐬𑐴 (Newa script)
• ଗ୍ରହ (Odia script)
• ꢔ꣄ꢬꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖿𑖨𑖮 (Siddham script)
• ග්‍රහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞 𑪙𑩼𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚶𑚤𑚩 (Takri script)
• க்³ரஹ (Tamil script)
• గ్రహ (Telugu script)
• คฺรห (Thai script)
• གྲ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑓂𑒩𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑩇𑨫𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *gʰróbh₂-o-s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *grábʰas

Sanskrit ग्रह

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *grábʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰróbh₂-o-s, from *gʰrebh₂- + *-os. By surface analysis, from the root ग्रह् (grah, “to seize”) +‎ -अ (-a).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ́.ɦɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɐ.ɦɐ/

Noun

ग्रह॑ • (gráha) stem, m

1. planet
2. grabbing, taking
3. crocodile

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ग्रह॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ग्रहः॑ (gráhaḥ)	ग्रहौ॑ (gráhau) ग्रहा॑¹ (gráhā¹)	ग्रहाः॑ (gráhāḥ) ग्रहा॑सः¹ (gráhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	ग्रह॑म् (gráham)	ग्रहौ॑ (gráhau) ग्रहा॑¹ (gráhā¹)	ग्रहा॑न् (gráhān)
instrumental	ग्रहे॑ण (gráheṇa)	ग्रहा॑भ्याम् (gráhābhyām)	ग्रहैः॑ (gráhaiḥ) ग्रहे॑भिः¹ (gráhebhiḥ¹)
dative	ग्रहा॑य (gráhāya)	ग्रहा॑भ्याम् (gráhābhyām)	ग्रहे॑भ्यः (gráhebhyaḥ)
ablative	ग्रहा॑त् (gráhāt)	ग्रहा॑भ्याम् (gráhābhyām)	ग्रहे॑भ्यः (gráhebhyaḥ)
genitive	ग्रह॑स्य (gráhasya)	ग्रह॑योः (gráhayoḥ)	ग्रहा॑णाम् (gráhāṇām)
locative	ग्रहे॑ (gráhe)	ग्रह॑योः (gráhayoḥ)	ग्रहे॑षु (gráheṣu)
vocative	ग्रह॑ (gráha)	ग्रहौ॑ (gráhau) ग्रहा॑¹ (gráhā¹)	ग्रहाः॑ (gráhāḥ) ग्रहा॑सः¹ (gráhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

Borrowed

• → Bengali: গ্রহ (groho)
• → Burmese: ဂြိုဟ် (gruih)
• → Hindi: ग्रह (grah)
• → Indonesian: graha (“crocodile, catch”)
• → Kannada: ಗ್ರಹ (graha)
• → Khmer: គ្រោះ (krŭəh)
• → Malayalam: ഗ്രഹം (grahaṁ)
• → Marathi: ग्रह (graha)
• → Mon: ဂြိုဟ် (krɜ̀h)
• → Nepali: ग्रह (graha)
• → Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਹਿ (grahi)
• → Sindhi: ग्रहु (grahu)
• → Sinhalese: ග්රහ (graha)
• → Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam)
• → Telugu: గ్రహము (grahamu), గ్రహం (grahaṁ)
• → Thai: เคราะห์ (krɔ́)
• → Urdu: گرہ (grah)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “ग्रह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 372, column 1.