Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/máHtā

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *máHtār, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.

Noun

*máHtā f

1. mother

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*máHtā	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtarah
vocative	*máHtar	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtarah
accusative	*máHtaram	*máHtarā(w)	*máHθrah
instrumental	*máHθraH	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰiš
ablative	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
dative	*máHθray	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
genitive	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥Hāh	*máHθraHam
locative	*máHtari	*máHtr̥Haw	*máHtr̥hu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Digor Ossetian: мадӕ (madæ)
  • Iron Ossetian: мад (mad)
  • Sogdo-Bacterian:
    • Bactrian: μαδο (mado)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠māt⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫤 (mʾt)

        Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼰𐽂𐼳 (mʾth)

        Syriac script: ܡܐܬ (mʾt), ܡܐܬܗ (mʾth)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: مور (mor), مېر (mer)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Shughni: [script needed] (mad)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: مات (mát)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: mak, marî, mê (“female”)

    Central Kurdish: ماک (mak)

    Southern Kurdish: ماێەر (maÿer) (perhaps influenced by Median or Old Azari)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: مر (mar), مار (mār)
      • Old Mazanderani: مار (mār)
        • Mazanderani: مار (mār)
      • Gorgani مار (mār)
    • Old Median:
      • Kermanic:
        • Zoroastrian Dari: مذر (mozer), مار (mâr)
        • Nayini: mā, maī
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Talysh:

          Arabic script: ما (mā), موئه (mua)

          Latin script: ma (mā), mua

        • Old Tati:

          Old Azari: مادر (mādar)

          • Eshtehardi: مار (mār)
          • Ramandi: مایه (māya)
    • Parthian: [Term?] (/⁠māδ(ar)⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)

    • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: ماما (māmā, “grand mother”)
      • Zazaki: may, mayer
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /⁠mātā⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠mād(ar)⁠/)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mʾtʿ)

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)

      • Persian: مادر (mâdar)
        • → Urdu: مادر (mādar)
        • → Hindi: मादर (mādar)

References

• Julian Kreidl (2021), “Lambdacism and the development of Old Iranian *t in Pashto”, in Iran and the Caucasus: “*mā́tar”