Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/máHtā

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *máHtār, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.

Noun

*máHtā f

mother

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*máHtā	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtaras
vocative	*máHtar	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtaras
accusative	*máHtaram	*máHtarā(w)	*máHtras
instrumental	*máHtraH	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰiš
ablative	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
dative	*máHtray	*máHtr̥bʰyā(m)	*máHtr̥bʰyaH
genitive	*máHtr̥š	*máHtr̥Hās	*máHtraHam
locative	*máHtari	*máHtr̥Haw	*máHtr̥šu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máHtā
- Sanskrit: मातृ (mā́tṛ, mātṛ́)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: মা (ma), মাও (maü)
    - Bengali: মা (ma)
    - Sylheti: ꠝꠣ (ma)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀸 (mādā)
    - Gujarati: મા (mā)
    - Hindi: माँ (mā̃), मैया (maiyā), माऊ (māū)
    - Punjabi: ਮਾਂ (mā̃)
    - Urdu: ماں (mā̃)
  - → Telugu: మాత (māta)
Proto-Iranian: *máHtā
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Digor Ossetian: мадӕ (madæ)
  - Iron Ossetian: мад (mad)
  - Sogdo-Bacterian:
    - Bactrian: μαδο (mado)
    - Proto-Sogdic:
      - Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠māt⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫤 (mʾt)
        Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼰𐽂𐼳 (mʾth)
        Syriac script: ܡܐܬ (mʾt), ܡܐܬܗ (mʾth)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: مور (mor), مېر (mer)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      - Shughni: [script needed] (mad)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: مات (mát)
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: mak, marî, mê (“female”)
    Central Kurdish: ماک (mak)
    Southern Kurdish: ماێەر (maÿer) (perhaps influenced by Median or Old Azari)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Caspian:
      - Gilaki: مر (mar), مار (mār)
      - Old Mazanderani: مار (mār)
        Mazanderani: مار (mār)
      - Gorgani مار (mār)
    - Old Median:
      - Kermanic:
        Zoroastrian Dari: مذر (mozer), مار (mâr)
        Nayini: mā, maī
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Talysh:
        Arabic script: ما (mā), موئه (mua)
        Latin script: ma (mā), mua
        Old Tati:
        Old Azari: مادر (mādar)
        Eshtehardi: مار (mār)
        Ramandi: مایه (māya)
    - Parthian: [Term?] (/⁠māδ(ar)⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)
    - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      - Gurani: ماما (māmā, “grand mother”)
      - Zazaki: may, mayer
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /⁠mātā⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠mād(ar)⁠/)
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mʾtʿ)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫀𐫅 (mʾd), 𐫖𐫀𐫅𐫡 (mʾdr)
      - Persian: مادر (mâdar)
        → Urdu: مادر (mādar)
        → Hindi: मादर (mādar)