Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čuti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kéwh₁-ye-ti, from *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”). LIV presumes an original s-aorist (of Narten type) with secondary ye-present.

Descendants do not show agreement regarding the aspect:

• Eastern South Slavic (including Old Church Slavonic) evinces for perfective aspect.
• West and East Slavic point towards imperfective.
• Western South Slavic admits both.

Verb

*čùti pf or impf

1. to sense
2. to feel

Conjugation

South Slavic:

Conjugation of *čuti, *ču, *čujetь (perf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čutьje	*čuti	*čutъ	*čulъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čutъ	—
Active	*čuvъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxъ	*ču	*ču	*čujǫ	*čuješi	*čujetь
Dual	*čuxově	*čusta	*čuste	*čujevě	*čujeta	*čujete
Plural	*čuxomъ	*čuste	*čušę	*čujemъ	*čujete	*čujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*čuji	*čuji
Dual	—	—	—	*čujivě	*čujita	—
Plural	—	—	—	*čujimъ	*čujite	—

Notes:
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Northern Slavic and secondary in Western South Slavic:

Conjugation of *čuti, *ču, *čujetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*čutьje	*čuti	*čutъ	*čulъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*čutъ	*čujemъ
Active	*čuvъ	*čuję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čuxъ	*ču	*ču	*čujǫ	*čuješi	*čujetь
Dual	*čuxově	*čusta	*čuste	*čujevě	*čujeta	*čujete
Plural	*čuxomъ	*čuste	*čušę	*čujemъ	*čujete	*čujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*čujaaxъ	*čujaaše	*čujaaše	—	*čuji	*čuji
Dual	*čujaaxově	*čujaašeta	*čujaašete	*čujivě	*čujita	—
Plural	*čujaaxomъ	*čujaašete	*čujaaxǫ	*čujimъ	*čujite	—

Derived terms

• *čudlo (“sense”)
• *čutьje (“perception”)
• *čutьnъ (“sensuous, sensible”)
• *čutъkъ (“attentive, careful”)
  • *čutъka (“indication, something perceived”)
• *čuvьstvo (“feeling, sense”)

Related terms

• *čuxati (“to grasp, to get a sense of”)
• *čujati (“to comprehend (with the senses)”)
• *čujьnъ (“sensible, sensuous”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: чути (čuti)
    • Belarusian: чуць (čucʹ)
    • Russian: чуть (čutʹ), чу́ять (čújatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: чу́ти (čúty), чу́яти (čújaty)
  • Old Novgorodian: цюти (cʹjuti)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: чоути (čuti)

    Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⱅⰻ (čuti)

  • Bulgarian: чу́я (čúja)
  • Macedonian: чуе (čue)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чу̏ти

    Latin script: čȕti

  • Slovene: čúti (tonal orthography) (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: čúti
    • Czech: čít
  • Old Polish: czuć
    • Polish: czuć
    • Silesian: czuć
  • Old Slovak:
    • Pannonian Rusyn: чуц (čuc)
    • Slovak: čuť
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: czëc
    • Slovincian: czùc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: čuć
    • Lower Sorbian: cuś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “чу́ю”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “чуять”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 397
• Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “чоути”, in Старославянский словарь (по рукописям X—XI веков) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)] (overall work in Russian), Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 786
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čuti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 134