Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdь
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Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact, clumped”). Possibly akin to o-stem Proto-Celtic *bozdos[1] (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)).
Noun
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- *gvozdьjь (thematized)
- *gvožďь (yo-stem, in Northern Slavic)
- *gvozdъ (o-stem, principally meaning “thicket”)
Declension
[edit]Declension of *gvȍzdь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *gvȍzdь | *gvȍzdi | *gvȍzdьjē, *gvȍzďē* |
genitive | *gvozdí | *gvozdьjù, *gvozďu* | *gvozdь̀jь |
dative | *gvȍzdi | *gvozdьmà | *gvȍzdьmъ |
accusative | *gvȍzdь | *gvȍzdi | *gvȍzdi |
instrumental | *gvȍzdьmь | *gvozdьmà | *gvozdьmì |
locative | *gvozdí | *gvozdьjù, *gvozďu* | *gvȍzdьxъ |
vocative | *gvozdi | *gvȍzdi | *gvȍzdьjē, *gvȍzďē* |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
[edit]- *gvozditi (“to nail”)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: gozhdë
Further reading
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гвоздь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gvozdъ/*gvozdь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 185
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гвоздей”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 234
References
[edit]- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 372
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gvozdь; *gvozdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 196: “m. i; m o ‘nail’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gvozdь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c søm (PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “gozd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *gvȍzdь”