Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopněti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *kopьněti, *kopьniti (ESSJa)

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to boil, to steam, to stink”), related to Latin cupiō (“to desire”) and Lithuanian kvapas (“aroma”). Possibly akin to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Latin vapor. Schrijver reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- in order to explain the broken tone in Lithuanian kûpt (“to smoke, to steam”), which according to Derksen could alternatively be a result of the sta-present conjugation.

Trubachev reconstructs *kopьněti as if from *kopьna (“heap, pile”) +‎ *-ěti, which is semantically dubious. The later is akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”).

Verb

*kopněti impf

1. to melt in parts (not homogeneously)

   Synonyms: *tajati, *topiti

2. (figuratively) to yearn, to long for

Alternative forms

• *kopniti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnějetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kopněnьje	*kopněti	*kopnětъ	*kopnělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kopněnъ	*kopnějemъ
Active	*kopněvъ	*kopněję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kopněxъ	*kopně	*kopně	*kopnějǫ	*kopněješi	*kopnějetь
Dual	*kopněxově	*kopněsta	*kopněste	*kopnějevě	*kopnějeta	*kopnějete
Plural	*kopněxomъ	*kopněste	*kopněšę	*kopnějemъ	*kopnějete	*kopnějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kopněaxъ	*kopněaše	*kopněaše	—	*kopněji	*kopněji
Dual	*kopněaxově	*kopněašeta	*kopněašete	*kopnějivě	*kopnějita	—
Plural	*kopněaxomъ	*kopněašete	*kopněaxǫ	*kopnějimъ	*kopnějite	—

Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kopněnьje	*kopněti	*kopnětъ	*kopnělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kopněnъ	*kopnimъ
Active	*kopněvъ	*kopnę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kopněxъ	*kopně	*kopně	*kopňǫ	*kopniši	*kopnitь
Dual	*kopněxově	*kopněsta	*kopněste	*kopnivě	*kopnita	*kopnite
Plural	*kopněxomъ	*kopněste	*kopněšę	*kopnimъ	*kopnite	*kopnętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kopněaxъ	*kopněaše	*kopněaše	—	*kopni	*kopni
Dual	*kopněaxově	*kopněašeta	*kopněašete	*kopnivě	*kopnita	—
Plural	*kopněaxomъ	*kopněašete	*kopněaxǫ	*kopnimъ	*kopnite	—

Derived terms

• *kopnežь, *kopněžь (“longing, strong desire”)

Related terms

• *kopъtь (“smoke, steam, soot”)
• *kypěti (“to boil up”)
• *koprъ (“dill”)
  • *kopriva (“nettle”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Ukrainian: кіпніти (kipnity)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: копне́я (kopnéja)
  • Macedonian: копнее (kopnee)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ко̀пнети, 1p. ко́пнӣм

    Latin script: kòpneti, 1p. kópnīm

  • Slovene: kopnẹ́ti (possibly)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kopňat, kopňet (dialectal)
  • Slovak: kopnieť (dialectal)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьněti/*kopьniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 44
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копнея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 618
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “kopneti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kopъtъ, *kopъtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 233