Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьlčati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain:
- Derksen, LIV: No cognates outside of Slavic. If inherited, the root would be *melk- or *melkʷ-.
- Černykh, Vasmer, Mladenov, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂k-, per Mladenov probably a k-extension of *melh₂- (“to grind, to mill”). Akin to Lithuanian mùlkis (“simpleton”), Latvian muļķis m, muļķe f (“fool”) within Balto-Slavic; and to Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkhá, “stupid”), Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, gentle, serene”), βλάξ (bláx, “stupid”), Old Irish malcaid (“to rot”) in other Indo-European languages.
Verb[edit]
*mьlčàti impf (perfective *mьlknǫti)[1][2][3]
- to be silent
Inflection[edit]
Conjugation of *mьlčati, *mьlča, *mьlčitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *mьlčanьje | *mьlčati | *mьlčatъ | *mьlčalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *mьlčanъ | *mьlčimъ |
| Active | *mьlčavъ | *mьlčę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьlčaxъ | *mьlča | *mьlča | *mьlčǫ | *mьlčiši | *mьlčitь |
| Dual | *mьlčaxově | *mьlčasta | *mьlčaste | *mьlčivě | *mьlčita | *mьlčite |
| Plural | *mьlčaxomъ | *mьlčaste | *mьlčašę | *mьlčimъ | *mьlčite | *mьlčętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьlčaaxъ | *mьlčaaše | *mьlčaaše | — | *mьlči | *mьlči |
| Dual | *mьlčaaxově | *mьlčaašeta | *mьlčaašete | *mьlčivě | *mьlčita | — |
| Plural | *mьlčaaxomъ | *mьlčaašete | *mьlčaaxǫ | *mьlčimъ | *mьlčite | — |
Dialectally:
Conjugation of *mьlčati, *mьlča, *mьlčetь (impf., -ě/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *mьlčanьje | *mьlčati | *mьlčatъ | *mьlčalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *mьlčanъ | *mьlčemъ |
| Active | *mьlčavъ | *mьlčę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьlčaxъ | *mьlča | *mьlča | *mьlčǫ | *mьlčeši | *mьlčetь |
| Dual | *mьlčaxově | *mьlčasta | *mьlčaste | *mьlčevě | *mьlčeta | *mьlčete |
| Plural | *mьlčaxomъ | *mьlčaste | *mьlčašę | *mьlčemъ | *mьlčete | *mьlčǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьlčaaxъ | *mьlčaaše | *mьlčaaše | — | *mьlči | *mьlči |
| Dual | *mьlčaaxově | *mьlčaašeta | *mьlčaašete | *mьlčivě | *mьlčita | — |
| Plural | *mьlčaaxomъ | *mьlčaašete | *mьlčaaxǫ | *mьlčimъ | *mьlčite | — |
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References[edit]
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mьlčàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 340: “v. (c) ‘be silent’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “mьlčati: mьlčjǫ mьlčitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tie (PR 139)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “molčati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *mьlča̋ti, *mьlťi̋”
Further reading[edit]
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьlčati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 21 (*mъrskovatъjь – *nadějьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 102
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “молча́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 540
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “молча́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мълча”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 391