Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/maťexa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *màti (“mother”) +‎ *-jexa, originally meaning “like a mother”.

Noun

*màťexa f

stepmother

Declension

Declension of *màťexa (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*màťexa	*màťeśě	*màťexy
genitive	*màťexy	*màťexu	*màťexъ
dative	*màťeśě	*màťexama	*màťexamъ
accusative	*màťexǫ	*màťeśě	*màťexy
instrumental	màťexojǫ, màťexǭ^**	*màťexama	*màťexamī
locative	*màťeśě	*màťexu	màťexasъ, màťexaxъ^*
vocative	*màťexo	*màťeśě	*màťexy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ма́чеха (máčexa), ма́чиха (máčixa), ма́щеха (máščexa)
  - Old Ruthenian: ма́чоха (máčoxa), ма́чаха (máčaxa), ма́чеха (máčexa), ма́чуха (máčuxa), ма́тчоха (mátčoxa)
    - Belarusian: ма́чаха (máčaxa), ма́чыха (máčyxa); ма́ччыха (máččyxa), ма́чоха (máčoxa), ма́чэха (máčexa), ма́чуха (máčuxa) (dialectal)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: ма́чоха (máčoxa)
    - Ukrainian: ма́чуха (máčuxa), ма́чоха (máčoxa); ма́чиха (máčyxa), ма́чьоха (máčʹoxa) (dialectal)
  - Russian: ма́чеха (máčexa), ма́чиха (máčixa); ма́чуха (máčuxa) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: мащеха (maštexa)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱋⰵⱈⰰ (maštexa)
- Bulgarian: ма́щеха (mášteha), ма́щиха (máštiha); ма́штеха (mášteha), машче́йа (maščéja), ма́штеа (máštea) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: маштеа (maštea); маштиха (maštiha), маќеа (maḱea), макева (makeva) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ма̏ћеха; маћеја, ма̏ћа̄, ма̏ћиха, ма̏ћија, ма̏чија, мачуха, мачеха, маћува (dialectal); маћуха, маћаха
  
  Latin script: mȁćeha; maćaja, mȁćā, mȁćiha, mȁćija, mȁčija, mačuha, mačeha, maćuva (dialectal); mȁćuha, maćaha
- Slovene: máčeha, máčuha; mačoha, mazhoha (dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: macecha
  - Czech: macecha
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): macocha
- Kashubian: macecha
- Polabian: motexă
- Old Polish: macocha, macecha
  - Polish: macocha; macecha, macycha, macoχa (dialectal)
- Old Slovak: macecha, macocha
  - Slovak: macocha; macoha (dialectal)
- Slovincian: macêcha
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: macocha
  - Upper Sorbian: macocha

Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: mostoha

sěmьja, rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	otъ, otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	mati (“mother”) nursery:* *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: dědъ; nana	ova (“grandmother”) nursery:* baba; nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
mother's sibling	ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery:* dada; lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: teta; lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	svěstь, svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)