Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sestra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *sesra, from Pre-Slavic *sesrāˀ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swesō, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

Noun

*sestrà f

1. sister

Inflection

Declension of *sestrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*sestrà	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ
Accusative	*sestrǫ̀	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ
Genitive	*sestrỳ	*sestrù	*sèstrъ
Locative	*sestrě̀	*sestrù	*sestràsъ, *sestràxъ*
Dative	*sestrě̀	*sestràma	*sestràmъ
Instrumental	*sestròjǫ, *sèstrǫ**	*sestràma	*sestràmī
Vocative	*sestro	*sèstrě	*sestrỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

• Parents: *otъ/*otьcь + *mati
  • of wife: *tьstь + *tьšča
  • of husband: *svekrъ + *svekry

• Siblings: *bratrъ, *sestra
  • of wife: *šurь, *svěstь/*svьstь
  • of husband: *děverь, *zъly
  • of father: *strъjь, ?
  • of mother: *ujь, ?

• Spouse: *žena, *mǫžь
  • of child: *snъxa, *zętь
  • of husband's brother: *ętry

• Children: *synъ, *dъťi
  • of child: *vъnukъ, ?
  • of sibling: *netьjь, *neti/*nestera

• Nursery words: *tata, *mama, *dada, *teta, *nana, *nena, *dědъ, *baba, *lola, *lelja
• Unsorted: *ova (“grandmother”), *sěmьja

Descendants

• Old East Slavic: сестра (sestra)
  • Belarusian: сястра́ (sjastrá)
  • Russian: сестра́ (sestrá)
  • Rusyn: сестра́ (sestrá)
  • Ukrainian: сестра́ (sestrá)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic: сестра (sestra)

    Glagolitic: ⱄⰵⱄⱅⱃⰰ (sestra)

  • Bulgarian: сестра́ (sestrá)
  • Macedonian: сестра (sestra)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic: сѐстра

    Latin: sèstra

  • Slovene: séstra (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: sestra
  • Kashubian: sostra
  • Polabian: sestră
  • Polish: siostra
  • Silesian: šwestera
  • Slovak: sestra
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: sotša
    • Upper Sorbian: sotra