Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mǫžь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mangjás, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-gʷ-yó-s, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-. Displaced Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Noun

*mǫ̑žь m (diminutive *mǫžikъ, related adjective *mǫžьskъ)

1. man
2. husband

Inflection

Declension of *mǫ̑žь (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mǫ̑žь	*mǫ̑ža	*mǫ̑ži
genitive	*mǫ̑ža	*mǫžù	*mǫ̃žь
dative	*mǫ̑žu	*mǫžemà	*mǫžèmъ
accusative	*mǫ̑žь	*mǫ̑ža	*mǫ̑žę̇
instrumental	*mǫ̑žьmь, *mǫ̑žemь*	*mǫžemà	*mǫží
locative	*mǫ̑ži	*mǫžù	*mǫžĩxъ
vocative	*mǫžu	*mǫ̑ža	*mǫ̑ži

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Related terms

nouns

• *mǫžьščina

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: мѫжь (mǫžĭ), мужь (mužĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: мужъ (muž)
      • Belarusian: муж (muž)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: муж (muž)
      • Ukrainian: муж (muž)
    • Russian: муж (muž)
  • Old Novgorodian: мѫжь (mǫžĭ), моужь (mužĭ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: мѫжь (mǫžĭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰿⱘⰶⱐ (mǫžĭ)

    • Bulgarian: мъж (mǎž) (pre-reform: мѫжь (mǫžʹ)), мънч (mǎnč) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: маж (maž)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: му̑ж

    Latin script: mȗž

  • Slovene: mọ̑ž (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Kashubian: mąż
  • Old Czech: muž
    • Czech: muž
  • Old Polish: mąż
    • Polish: mąż
    • Silesian: mōnż
  • Old Slovak: muž
    • Pannonian Rusyn: муж (muž)
    • Slovak: muž
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: muž
    • Lower Sorbian: muž

See also

Proto-Slavic family terms

*sěmьja, *rodina (“family”)	Male	Female
parent	*otъ, *otьcь (“father”) nursery: *tata	*mati (“mother”) nursery: *mama
sibling	*bratrъ (“brother”)	*sestra (“sister”)
child	*synъ (“son”)	*dъťi (“daughter”)
grandparent	– (“grandfather”) nursery: *dědъ; *nana	*ova (“grandmother”) nursery: *baba; *nena
grandchild	*vъnukъ (“grandson”)	*vъnuka (“granddaughter”)
stepparent	*otьčimъ (“stepfather”)	*maťexa (“stepmother”)
stepchild	*pastorъkъ (“stepson”)	*pastorъka (“stepdaughter”)
father's sibling	*strъjь (“paternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola	– (“paternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja
mother's sibling	*ujь (“maternal uncle”) nursery: *dada; *lola	– (“maternal aunt”) nursery: *teta; *lelja
sibling's child	*netьjь (“nephew”)	*nestera (“niece”)
spouse	*mǫžь (“husband”)	*žena (“wife”)
parent of wife	*tьstь (“father-in-law (wife's father)”)	*tьšča (“mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband	*svekrъ (“father-in-law (husband's father)”)	*svekry (“mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of wife	*šurь (“brother-in-law (wife's brother)”)	*svěstь, *svьstь (“sister-in-law (wife's sister)”)
sibling of husband	*děverь (“brother-in-law (husband's brother)”)	*zъly (“sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child	*zętь (“son-in-law (daughter's husband)”)	*snъxa (“daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother	–	*ętry (“sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)

Etymology 2

From *mǫ̑žь (“man”) +‎ *-ьjь.

Adjective

*mǫžь

1. (relational) man

Declension

Indefinite declension of *mǫžь (soft)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫžь	*mǫža	*mǫže
genitive	*mǫža	*mǫžę̇	*mǫža
dative	*mǫžu	*mǫži	*mǫžu
accusative	*mǫžь	*mǫžǫ	*mǫže
instrumental	*mǫžemь	*mǫžejǫ	*mǫžemь
locative	*mǫži	*mǫži	*mǫži
vocative	*mǫžu	*mǫže	*mǫže
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫža	*mǫži	*mǫži
genitive	*mǫžu	*mǫžu	*mǫžu
dative	*mǫžema	*mǫžama	*mǫžema
accusative	*mǫža	*mǫži	*mǫži
instrumental	*mǫžema	*mǫžama	*mǫžema
locative	*mǫžu	*mǫžu	*mǫžu
vocative	*mǫža	*mǫži	*mǫži
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫži	*mǫžę̇	*mǫža
genitive	*mǫžь	*mǫžь	*mǫžь
dative	*mǫžemъ	*mǫžamъ	*mǫžemъ
accusative	*mǫžę̇	*mǫžę̇	*mǫža
instrumental	*mǫži	*mǫžami	*mǫži
locative	*mǫžixъ	*mǫžaxъ	*mǫžixъ
vocative	*mǫži	*mǫžę̇	*mǫža

Definite declension of *mǫžь (soft)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫžьjь	*mǫžaja	*mǫžeje
genitive	*mǫžajego	*mǫžę̇ję̇	*mǫžajego
dative	*mǫžujemu	*mǫžiji	*mǫžujemu
accusative	*mǫžьjь	*mǫžǫjǫ	*mǫžeje
instrumental	*mǫžijimь	*mǫžǫjǫ	*mǫžijimь
locative	*mǫžijemь	*mǫžiji	*mǫžijemь
vocative	*mǫžьjь	*mǫžaja	*mǫžeje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫžaja	*mǫžiji	*mǫžiji
genitive	*mǫžuju	*mǫžuju	*mǫžuju
dative	*mǫžijima	*mǫžijima	*mǫžijima
accusative	*mǫžaja	*mǫžiji	*mǫžiji
instrumental	*mǫžijima	*mǫžijima	*mǫžijima
locative	*mǫžuju	*mǫžuju	*mǫžuju
vocative	*mǫžaja	*mǫžiji	*mǫžiji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*mǫžiji	*mǫžę̇ję̇	*mǫžaja
genitive	*mǫžьjixъ	*mǫžьjixъ	*mǫžьjixъ
dative	*mǫžijimъ	*mǫžijimъ	*mǫžijimъ
accusative	*mǫžę̇ję̇	*mǫžę̇ję̇	*mǫžaja
instrumental	*mǫžijimi	*mǫžijimi	*mǫžijimi
locative	*mǫžijixъ	*mǫžijixъ	*mǫžijixъ
vocative	*mǫžiji	*mǫžę̇ję̇	*mǫžaja

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *мѫжь (*mǫžĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: му́жїй (múžij)
    • Russian: му́жий (múžij) (dialectal)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: muží