Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/napitъkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Product noun of *na- (“on”) +‎ *piti (“to drink”), from an earlier u-stem Proto-Slavic *napitъ, extended with *-ъkъ. Possibly traces back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *peitus, based on the comparison with Lithuanian piẽtūs pl (“lunch, dinner”). The Lithuanian lemma differs slightly in meaning (and moreover exhibits mobile AP 4), which makes the relation to the Slavic lemma questionable.

Comparison with other languages points towards possible descend from Proto-Indo-European *peHy- (“to feed, to drink”) (see *peh₂- (“to nourish”), *peh₃- (“to drink”)). This root has lost its laryngeal already in pre-Balto-Slavic times due to Pinault's rule, hence, there is no trace of acute in Balto-Slavic. Probably also cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “juice, drink”) (see there for further discussion). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“fat”) relates to the mentioned roots via Schwebeablaut.

Noun

*napitъkъ m

1. drink, beverage

   Synonyms: *pivo, *pitьje

2. potion

Alternative forms

• *napitъka f

Declension

Declension of *napitъkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*napitъkъ	*napitъka	*napitъci
genitive	*napitъka	*napitъku	*napitъkъ
dative	*napitъku	*napitъkoma	*napitъkomъ
accusative	*napitъkъ	*napitъka	*napitъky
instrumental	*napitъkъmь, *napitъkomь*	*napitъkoma	*napitъkȳ
locative	*napitъcě	*napitъku	*napitъcě̄xъ
vocative	*napitъče	*napitъka	*napitъci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

• *piti (“to drink”)
• *pojiti (“to quench, to give a drink”)
• *pitati (“to feed”) (possibly)
• *pìťa (“food”) (possibly)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: напі́так (napítak)
  • Russian: напи́ток (napítok)
  • Ukrainian: напи́ток (napýtok)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: напи́тка f (napítka) (influenced by Russian)
  • Macedonian: на́питок (nápitok)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: на́питак

    Latin script: nápitak

  • Slovene: napȋtek
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: nápitek
  • Polish: napitek
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: napitk

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*napitъkъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 215
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “напитка”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 493