Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pivo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *pih₃-e-ti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīteider.

Proto-Slavic *pìti

Proto-Indo-European *-wósder.

Proto-Slavic *-ivo

Proto-Slavic *pivo

From *pìti (“to drink”) + *-ivo.

Noun

*pȋvo n

1. beverage

   Synonyms: *napojь, *napitъkъ, *pitьje

   1. → beer

      Synonym: *olъ

Inflection

Declension of *pȋvo (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pȋvo	*pȋvě	*pivà
genitive	*pȋva	*pivù	*pĩvъ
dative	*pȋvu	*pivomà	*pivòmъ
accusative	*pȋvo	*pȋvě	*pivà
instrumental	*pȋvъmь, *pȋvomь*	*pivomà	*pivý
locative	*pȋvě	*pivù	*pivě̃xъ
vocative	*pivo	*pȋvě	*pivà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

nouns

• *pivьnica f (“alehouse”)

adjective

• *pivьnъ (“of beverage”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пиво (pivo)
    • Old Ruthenian: пи́во (pívo)
      • Belarusian: пі́ва (píva)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: пи́во (pývo)
      • Ukrainian: пи́во (pývo)
    • Russian: пи́во (pívo)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: пиво (pivo)

    Glagolitic script: ⱂⰻⰲⱁ (pivo)

  • Bulgarian: пи́во (pívo)
  • Macedonian: пи́во (pívo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пи̑во

    Latin script: pȋvo

  • Slovene: pívo (“beverage”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: pivo
    • Czech: pivo
      • → Slovene: pívo (“beer”) (tonal orthography)
  • Old Polish: piwo
    • Polish: piwo
    • Silesian: piwo
  • Old Slovak: pivo
    • Pannonian Rusyn: пиво (pivo)
    • Slovak: pivo
  • Polabian: paivü
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: piwò
    • Slovincian: pjywô
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: piwo
    • Upper Sorbian: piwo

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пиво”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “piwo”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 438