Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sōgun

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *sōg (“onion”) +‎ *-gun comparable to Proto-Mongolic *soŋ-gana (“onion”).

Nishanyan suggets that its ultimate origin is uncertain and that Middle Persian سوخ (sôx) probably comes from the same source, (whence also Old Armenian սոխ (sox)).

Brockelmann instead suggets a derivation *soy- (“to peel”) +‎ *-gun.

Noun

*sōgun

1. onion

Declension

Declension of *sōgun

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*sōgun
Accusative	*sōgunnï, *sōgunug 4), *sōgunnïg 1)
Genitive	*sōgunnïŋ
Dative	*sōgunka
Locative	*sōgunta
Ablative	*sōguntan
Allative	*sōgungaru
Instrumental 2)	*sōgunun
Equative 2)	*sōgunča
Similative 2)	*sōgunlayu
Comitative 2)	*sōgunlugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: сухан (suh̬an)
  • → Eastern Mari: шоган (šogan)
  • → Udmurt: сугон (sugon)

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: soğan
    • Ottoman Turkish: صوغان (soğan)
      • Turkish: soğan
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: со̀ган

        Latin script: sògan

      • Gagauz: suan / suvan
  • Salar: soğan
  • Turkmen: sogan
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: سُوغُنْ (sōğun), سُوغَنْ (sōğan)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uyghur: [script needed] (soɣan)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: суган (suğan)
    • Bashkir: һуған (huğan)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: soğan
    • Karachay-Balkar: сохан (soxan)
    • Kumyk: согъан (soğan)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Nogai: соган (sogan)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: согон (sogon)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: swxʾn (soɣan)
• → Proto-Mongolic:
  • Middle Mongol: ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠠ (soɣoŋgin-a)
  • Mongolian: сонгино (songino)
    • → Manchu: ᠰᡠᠨᡤᡤᡳᠨᠠ (sunggina)
    • →? Southern Altai: согоно (sogono)
    • →? Tuvan: согуна (soguna)
• →? Lithuanian: svogūnas

See also

Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Strawberry	strawberry: *yidgelek	Apple	apple: *almïla
Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bạl
Millet	millet: *tạrïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: *turp, *turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 409
• Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎^[1], Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 178
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “so:ğun”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 812
• Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, page 296
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 141
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 425
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sogan”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “soğan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük