Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugday

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain, multiple theories exist.

Comparisons in the 'Altaic' family include Ramstedt's proposal of a connection with Korean 보리 (bori) based on the Chuvash reflex,^[1] which Eren (1999) dismisses as [an etymology] without a trustworthy foundation.^[2] Proto-Mongolic *buudaï is borrowed from Turkic^[3].^[4]

Noun

*bugday

wheat

Declension

Declension of *bugday
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bugday
accusative	bugdayïg, bugdaynï¹⁾
genitive	*bugdaynïŋ
dative	*bugdayka
locative	*bugdayda
ablative	*bugdaydan
allative	*bugdaygaru
instrumental ²⁾	*bugdayïn
equative ²⁾	*bugdayča
similative ²⁾	*bugdaylayu
comitative ²⁾	*bugdaylïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: búza^[5]
- >? Old Chuvash: *buɣzai̯ ^[6]
  - Middle Chuvash: *pŭrai̯ ^[6]
    - → Bashkir: борай (boray)
    - → Kalmyk: байр (bayr)
    - → Tatar: борай (boray)
    - Middle Chuvash: *pŭri ^[6]
      - Chuvash: пӑри (pări)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: بغدای (buġday, boġday)
  - Azerbaijani: buğda
    - → Khalaj: buğda
  - Gagauz: booday
  - Ottoman Turkish: بوغدای (buğday)
    - Turkish: buğday
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: bugdaý
  - Salar: boğdı
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (buɣday)
  - Uzbek: bugʻdoy
  - Uyghur: بۇغداي (bughday)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бойҙай (boyźay)
  - Tatar: бодай (boday)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: boğday
  - Karachay-Balkar: богъдай (boğday)
  - Kumyk: будай (buday)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: бидай (bidai)
    - Nogai: бийдай (biyday)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: буудай (buuday)
    - Southern Altai: буудай (buuday)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (bugday)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пуғдай (puğday)
    - Shor: пуғдай
  - Northern Altai: бугдай (bugday)
→ Proto-Mongolic: *buudaï
- Mongolian: буудай (buudaj)

References

^ Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206
^
^{The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): entry=buğday
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Eren, Hasan (1999), “bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62
^
^{The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s): entry=*buudaï
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Nugteren, Hans (2011), Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[2], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293
^ Räsänen, Martti (1969), “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86
^ Róna-Tas, András; Berta, Árpád; Károly, László (2011), “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Agyágasi, Klára (2019), Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 240

[1] Ramstedt, G. J., Studies in Korean Etymology. 1949. page 206

[2] {The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): entry=buğday
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Eren, Hasan (1999), “bugday”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 62

[3] {The template Template:R:Nugteren 2011 does not use the parameter(s): entry=*buudaï
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Nugteren, Hans (2011), Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[2], Utrecht: LOT, pages 292-293

[4] Räsänen, Martti (1969), “buγday”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86

[5] Róna-Tas, András; Berta, Árpád; Károly, László (2011), “búza”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 186-188

[Agyagasi-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Agyágasi, Klára (2019), Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 240

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

Foods - yẹ̄miĺčler, yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn
Barley	barley: *arpa	Pea	beans, peas: *burčak	Wheat	farro, wheat: *bugday
Jujube	jujube: *yidge	Alaska wild berries	berry: *yidgelek	Strawberry	strawberry: čige, čigelek
Apple	apple: *almïla	Walnuts	walnut: *yaŋgak	Honey	honey: *bal
Millet	millet: *tarïg	Onion	onion: *sōgun	Salt	salt: *tūŕ
Egg	egg: *yumurtka	Butter	butter: *yāg	Mushroom	mushroom: *kömbe
Radish	radish: turp, turma	Carrot	carrot: *turma	Hazelnuts	hazelnut: *bōńurï