Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tuman

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Common Turkic *tu- +‎ *-man. Apparently similar to Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).

Noun

tuman

1. (Common Turkic) smoke
2. (Common Turkic) fog, mist, haze

Declension

Declension of *tuman (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*tuman	*tumanlar
accusative
genitive	*tumannïŋ	*tumanlarnïŋ
dative	*tumanka	*tumanlarka
locative	*tumanda	*tumanlarda
ablative	*tumandan	*tumanlardan
instrumental1)		*tumanlarïn
equative1)	*tumanča	*tumanlarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: دومان
    • Azerbaijani: duman
    • Ottoman Turkish: دومان, طومان (duman)
      • Turkish: duman
      • Gagauz: duman
      • → Armenian: տո̈ւման (tüman), դուման (duman), թուման (tʻuman)
      • → Bulgarian: дума́н (dumán)
      • → Greek: ντουμάνι (ntoumáni)
        • ⇒ Greek: ντουμανιάζω (ntoumaniázo)
      • Kurdish:

        → Northern Kurdish: duman

        → Central Kurdish: دومان (duman)

      • → Macedonian: думан (duman)
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: ду̀ма̄н

        Latin script: dùmān

  • Turkmen: duman
  • Salar: duman
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tuman)
    • Uyghur: تۇمان (tuman)
    • Uzbek: tuman
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: томан (toman)
    • Tatar: томан (toman)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: tuman
    • Karachay-Balkar: тубан (tuban)
    • Karaim: туман
    • Kumyk: туман (tuman)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: duman
      • Kazakh: тұман (tūman)
      • Nogai: туман (tuman)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: туман (tuman)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (tuman)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tuman)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: туман
    • Yakut: туман (tuman)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: туман
      • Tuvan: туман (tuman)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: тубан (tuban)
      • Shor: тубан
• Borrowed from an unknown Turkic source:
  • → Russian: тума́н (tumán)
  • → Belarusian: тума́н (tumán)
  • → Ukrainian: тума́н (tumán)

References

• [1]