Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bak

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *baką.

Noun

*bak n^[1]

back (of the body)
Synonym: *bakō

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bak(a)
Genitive	*bakas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bak(a)	*baku
Accusative	*bak(a)	*baku
Genitive	*bakas	*bakō
Dative	*bakē	*bakum
Instrumental	*baku	*bakum

Derived terms

*gabak

Descendants

Old English: bæc, bec — Vespasian Psalter Mercian, late Kentish
- Middle English: bak, back
  - English: back
  - Scots: bak, back, bake
Old Frisian: bek
- West Frisian: beck, bek
  - ⇒ West Frisian: bekling
Old Saxon: bak
- Middle Low German: bak
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: *huckebak
    - Low German: Huckeback
      - → German: huckepack
Old High German: bah
- ⇒ Old High German: bahho m
  - Middle High German: bache
    - German: Bache
- ⇒ Old High German: bahha f
  - Middle High German: bache
    - German: Bache

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *baką (“baking”).

Noun

*bak m or n

that which is baked, baked good, pastry

Inflection

Masculine

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bak(a)
Genitive	*bakas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bak(a)	*bakōs
Accusative	*bak(a)	*bakā
Genitive	*bakas	*bakō
Dative	*bakē	*bakum
Instrumental	*baku	*bakum

Neuter

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bak(a)
Genitive	*bakas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bak(a)	*baku
Accusative	*bak(a)	*baku
Genitive	*bakas	*bakō
Dative	*bakē	*bakum
Instrumental	*baku	*bakum

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Old English: *bæc
- Middle English: *bak
  - ⇒ Middle English: bakmonger
Old Frisian: *bek, *bak
- Saterland Frisian: Bak (in compounds and derivatives)
- West Frisian: bak (in compounds and derivatives)
Old Saxon: *bak
- Middle Low German: bak, back, bach n
Old Dutch: *bak (in compounds)
Old High German: *bah, *bak
- Middle High German: bak m
  - German: Back (in compounds)

References

^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 194: “PWGmc *bak”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 194: “PWGmc *bak”

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