Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīnā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

*pīnā f

pine tree
Synonyms: *pīnabaum, *dannā, *furhu

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pīnā
Genitive	*pīnōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pīnā	*pīnōn
Accusative	*pīnōn	*pīnōn
Genitive	*pīnōn	*pīnōnō
Dative	*pīnōn	pīnōm, pīnum
Instrumental	*pīnōn	pīnōm, pīnum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: *pīne
- Middle English: pyne, pigne, pine, pyn
  - English: pine
  - Middle Scots: pyne
    - Scots: pine
- Middle Dutch: pijn m or f (or from Old French pin^[2])
  - Dutch: pijn
Old High German: pīna (inexistent? see rfv)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Medieval Latin pēna, from Latin poena.

Noun

*pīnā f

torment, pain

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*pīnā
Genitive	*pīnōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*pīnā	*pīnōn
Accusative	*pīnōn	*pīnōn
Genitive	*pīnōn	*pīnōnō
Dative	*pīnōn	pīnōm, pīnum
Instrumental	*pīnōn	pīnōm, pīnum

Derived terms

*pīnōn

Descendants

>? Old English: *pīne
- Middle English: pyne, pin, pine, pyn (or from the verb pynen)
  - English: pine (archaic)
  - Middle Scots: pyne
    - Scots: pine
Old Frisian: pīne
- Saterland Frisian: Piene
- West Frisian: pine
Old Saxon: pīna
- Middle Low German: pīne, pīn
Old Dutch: *pīna
- Middle Dutch: pine
  - Dutch: pijn
    - Afrikaans: pyn
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: pin
    - Jersey Dutch: pāin
    - Negerhollands: pien, pin
      - → Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)
    - →? Aukan: pin
Old High German: pīna
- Middle High German: pīne, pīn
  - German: Pein

References

^ de Vries, Jan (1971), “pijn 2”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “pijnboom”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1] Vries, Jan (1971), “pijn 2”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[EWN-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “pijnboom”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1]

[2]