Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tungā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tungǭ.

Noun

*tungā f

1. tongue
2. speech, language

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*tungā
Genitive	*tungōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*tungā	*tungōn
Accusative	*tungōn	*tungōn
Genitive	*tungōn	*tungōnō
Dative	*tungōn	*tungōm, *tungum
Instrumental	*tungōn	*tungōm, *tungum

Descendants

• Old English: tunge
  • Middle English: tonge, tong, tung, tunge
    • English: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)
      • Australian Kriol: tang
      • Bislama: tang
      • Sranan Tongo: tongo
      • Tok Pisin: tang
      • Torres Strait Creole: tang
    • Scots: tung, tongue, tong
• Old Frisian: tunge
  • North Frisian: tonge, tunge
  • Saterland Frisian: Tunge
  • West Frisian: tonge
• Old Saxon: tunga, tunge
  • Middle Low German: tunge
    • German Low German: Tunge
    • Plautdietsch: Tung
• Old Dutch: tunga
  • Middle Dutch: tonge, tonghe
    • Dutch: tong
      • Afrikaans: tong
      • Negerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung
        • → Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: tunk
      • →? Sranan Tongo: tongo
        • → Aukan: tongo
        • → Kwinti: tongo
        • → Saramaccan: tongò
    • Limburgish: tóng
• Old High German: zunga
  • Middle High German: zunge
    • Alemannic German: Zunge
    • Central Franconian: Zong
    • Cimbrian: zung
    • German: Zunge
    • Luxembourgish: Zong
    • Vilamovian: cung
    • Yiddish: צונג (tsung)