User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)h₁ósr̥

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

*h₁ós-r̥ ~ *h₁és-n̥s^[1]^[2]^[3]
*h₃ésh₃-r̥ ~ *h₃esh₃-éns^[4]
*es-er ~ es-en-^[5]

Etymology[edit]

From *(s)h₁es- (“crop, fruit”) +‎ *-r̥.

Root[edit]

^{The template Template:ine-noun does not use the parameter(s): 2=*(s)h₁ésn-
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

*(s)h₁ósr̥ n

harvest, crop, fruit
harvest-time, august (season)

Inflection[edit]

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*(s)h₁ósr̥
genitive	*(s)h₁ésn̥s
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(s)h₁ósr̥	*(s)h₁ósrih₁	*(s)h₁ósr̥h₂
vocative	*(s)h₁ósr̥	*(s)h₁ósrih₁	*(s)h₁ósr̥h₂
accusative	*(s)h₁ósr̥	*(s)h₁ósrih₁	*(s)h₁ósr̥h₂
genitive	*(s)h₁ésn̥s	*?	*(s)h₁ésnoHom
ablative	*(s)h₁ésn̥s	*?	*(s)h₁ésn̥mos
dative	*(s)h₁ésney	*?	*(s)h₁ésn̥mos
locative	(s)h₁ésn̥, (s)h₁ésni	*?	*(s)h₁ésn̥su
instrumental	*(s)h₁ésn̥h₁	*?	*(s)h₁ésn̥mis

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*(s)h₁ésr̥
genitive	*(s)h₁séns
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(s)h₁ésr̥	*(s)h₁ésrih₁	*(s)h₁ésr̥h₂
vocative	*(s)h₁ésr̥	*(s)h₁ésrih₁	*(s)h₁ésr̥h₂
accusative	*(s)h₁ésr̥	*(s)h₁ésrih₁	*(s)h₁ésr̥h₂
genitive	*(s)h₁séns	*?	*(s)h₁sénoHom
ablative	*(s)h₁séns	*?	*(s)h₁sénmos
dative	*(s)h₁séney	*?	*(s)h₁sénmos
locative	(s)h₁sén, (s)h₁séni	*?	*(s)h₁sénsu
instrumental	*(s)h₁sénh₁	*?	*(s)h₁sénmis

Derived terms[edit]

*(s)h₁ésns-eh₂^[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *asnō (“harvest, earning, wage”)^[7]^[3]
  - Old Frisian: esna (“wage”)
  - Old Saxon: asna (“wage, tax, interest”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *asnijaz (“wage laborer”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *osnā (perhaps)
  - Proto-Italic: *annosnā^[7] (+ annos (“year”) (whence annus))
    - Latin: annōna (“produce, supply, food, corn”)

*(s)h₁ésn-u-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sásnuš
  - Proto-Iranian: *háhnuš
    - Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬎𐬱 (haŋhuš, “harvest, fruit; benefit, profit”)

*(s)h₁sén-i-s^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *asenis^[5], *esenis f (“autumn”)^[8]^[5] (alternation perhaps due to "Rozwadowski's rule")
  - Old Prussian: assanis
  - Sudovian: asenis
  - Proto-Slavic: *(j)esenь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *azaniz f (“harvest-time; summer”)^[3]^[7] (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted forms

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒀭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-an-na-aš), 𒊺𒂊𒊭𒈾𒀸 (še-e-ša-na-aš, “fruit (tree), harvest, crop”)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: աշուն (ašun, “autumn”)^[9]
→ Proto-Finno-Ugric: *kesä (“summer”)^[10]
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Samic: *keasē (see there for further descendants)

Descendants[edit]

Proto-Armenian: *(h)o(h)ár-a-^[11]
- Old Armenian: ար-ա-ց (ar-a-cʻ)
Proto-Hellenic: *(h)ohər^[1]
- ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *opohərā^[2] (contracted from *opi(h)ohərā, + *opi- (whence Ancient Greek όπι- (ópi-), from *h₁epi (“on, at”))^[1]
  - Ancient Greek: ὀπώρα (opṓra, “end of the summer, start of autumn; harvest, fruit”), ὀπώρη (opṓrē); ὀπάρα (opára); ὁπώρα (hopṓra)

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page οπώρα of 1094-1095
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*h₁es-en-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 300
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*azani-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
^ Quiles, Carlos (2007) A Grammar of Modern Indo-European: Language and Culture, Writing System and Phenomenology, Morphology, Syntax, Badajoz, Spain: Asociación Cultural DŃGHŪ, →ISBN, page 455
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “es-en-, os-en-, -er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 343
^ Kroonen, Guus Jann (2009) Consonant and vowel gradation in the Proto-Germanic n-stems (PhD thesis)‎^[1], Leiden: Leiden University
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*az(a)niz ~ *asaniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 31
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “assanis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555
^ Horák, Robin (2015) Sémantická motivace názvů ročních období v indoevropských jazycích [Semantic motivation of names seasons in Indo-European languages]‎^[3]
^ Koivulehto, Jorma (1991) Uralische Evidenz für die Laryngaltheorie (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse; 556) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[4], number 10, page 110

[Beekes-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page οπώρα of 1094-1095

[Mallory-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*h₁es-en-”, in The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 300

[EDPG-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*azani-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[4] Quiles, Carlos (2007) A Grammar of Modern Indo-European: Language and Culture, Writing System and Phenomenology, Morphology, Syntax, Badajoz, Spain: Asociación Cultural DŃGHŪ, →ISBN, page 455

[IEW-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “es-en-, os-en-, -er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 343

[6] Kroonen, Guus Jann (2009) Consonant and vowel gradation in the Proto-Germanic n-stems (PhD thesis)‎^[1], Leiden: Leiden University

[HGE-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*az(a)niz ~ *asaniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 31

[Derksen-8] Derksen, Rick (2015) “assanis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555

[9] Horák, Robin (2015) Sémantická motivace názvů ročních období v indoevropských jazycích [Semantic motivation of names seasons in Indo-European languages]‎^[3]

[10] Koivulehto, Jorma (1991) Uralische Evidenz für die Laryngaltheorie (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse; 556) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN

[11] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎^[4], number 10, page 110

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User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)h₁ósr̥

Contents

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Root[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation menu

User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)h₁ósr̥

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Alternative reconstructions[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Root[edit]

Inflection[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Navigation menu

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