User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂meh₁lós

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps from *h₂meh₁- (“to mow, cut”) (compare Ancient Greek άμητήριον (ámētḗrion, “sickle”), ἄμη (ámē, “shovel”)), or *h₃emh₃- (“to press”).

Noun

*h₂meh₁lós

1. hammer

Derived terms

• *Hm̥Hl-ró-s
  • Proto-Italic: *mollos
    • Latin: malleus (“hammer”) (+ -eus)
  • ⇒ *h₂ḱ-Hm̥Hlrós (+ *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, stoney”))
    • Proto-Germanic: *hamaraz (“hammer”)

• *Hm̥Hl-tó-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *moltas
    • Proto-Slavic: *moltъ (“hammer”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *maltos
    • Proto-Brythonic: *malt
      • Welsh: mellt (“lightning”)
  • Proto-Italic: *maltos
    • Latin: martus, marcus
      • ⇒ Medieval Latin: martellus (“hammer”) (+ -ellus)
        • → Proto-Brythonic:
          • Middle Breton: morzol
          • Middle Cornish: morthal
            • Cornish: morthol
          • Old Welsh: morthol
            • Middle Welsh: morthwl, morthuyl, mwrthwl, myrthwl, myrthyl
      • ⇒ Latin: martulus, marculus (“small hammer”) (+ -ulus)

• *Hm̥Hl-yó-s
  • Proto-Albanian: *malya
    • Albanian: maj, mal' (“hammer”) (or borrowed from Latin malleus)

• *Hm̥Hl-h₃édʰ-ō ~ *Hm̥Hl-h₃dʰ-nés (+ *h₃edʰ- (“axe, adze”), cf. PGmc *adisô (“adze”), compare PSl *tesla, from *tétḱ-h₃dʰ-l-os)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: milna (“hammer of Perkuns”)
    • Old Prussian: mealde
    • Proto-Slavic: *mъlnьji, *mьlnьji
      • Old East Slavic: мълниꙗ (mŭlnija), мълнии (mŭlnii)
        • Russian: молния (molnija)
      • Serbo-Croatian: муња (munja)
      • Bulgarian: мълния (mǎlnija)
      • Polabian: måuńa
  • Proto-Germanic: *meldunjaz
    • Old Norse: Mjǫllnir (“hammer of Thor”)

Unsorted formations

• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Kalasha: مېتیِن (metín, “hammer”)

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian: *ʔmúʔla
  • Hittite: [script needed] c (mu-ú-i-il /⁠mūil⁠/)