adfer
Appearance
Latin
[edit]Verb
[edit]adfer
Tarifit
[edit]Noun
[edit]adfer m (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⴷⴼⴻⵔ, usually uncountable)
Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Regularization of literary edfryd (verb stem adfer-), from Proto-Brythonic *ėdβėrɨd. Equivalent to ad- + the same element as arfer; compare also cymryd, cymeraf.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈadvɛr/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈadvar/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈadvɛr/
Verb
[edit]adfer (first-person singular present adferaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | adferaf | adferi | edfryd, adfera, edfyr | adferwn | adferwch | adferant | adferir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
adferwn | adferit | adferai | adferem | adferech | adferent | adferid | |
preterite | adferais | adferaist | adferodd | adferasom | adferasoch | adferasant | adferwyd | |
pluperfect | adferaswn | adferasit | adferasai | adferasem | adferasech | adferasent | adferasid, adferesid | |
present subjunctive | adferwyf | adferych | adfero | adferom | adferoch | adferont | adferer | |
imperative | — | adfer, adfera | adfered | adferwn | adferwch | adferent | adferer | |
verbal noun | adfer | |||||||
verbal adjectives | adferedig adferadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | adfera i, adferaf i | adferi di | adferith o/e/hi, adferiff e/hi | adferwn ni | adferwch chi | adferan nhw |
conditional | adferwn i, adferswn i | adferet ti, adferset ti | adferai fo/fe/hi, adfersai fo/fe/hi | adferen ni, adfersen ni | adferech chi, adfersech chi | adferen nhw, adfersen nhw |
preterite | adferais i, adferes i | adferaist ti, adferest ti | adferodd o/e/hi | adferon ni | adferoch chi | adferon nhw |
imperative | — | adfera | — | — | adferwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
[edit]- adferadwy (“retrievable, recoverable”)
- adferiad (“rehabilitation, restoration, restitution, recovery”)
- adferol (“restoring”)
- adferwr (“restorer”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
adfer | unchanged | unchanged | hadfer |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “adferaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies