borjú

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Hungarian

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 borjú on Hungarian Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from Oghur[1] before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *buŕagu. Compare Chuvash пӑру (păru, calf), Old Turkic 𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆 (b¹uzǧu /⁠buzaɣu⁠/), Ottoman Turkish بوزاغو (buzağı, calf). The word can also be found in the Mongolic languages. The form that arrived in the Hungarian language was probably *buraɣu.[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈborjuː], [ˈborju]
  • Hyphenation: bor‧jú
  • Rhymes: -juː, -ju

Noun

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borjú (plural borjúk or borjak)

  1. calf (young cow or bull)
  2. calf (the young of another large mammal, such as a deer, roe, bison, giraffe, elephant, whale, seal, hippopotamus, etc.)
  3. Synonym of borjúhús (veal, the flesh of a calf [i.e. a young bovine] used for food)

Usage notes

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There are two forms for the possessive third-person with different meanings. Singular:

a tehén borjathe calf of the cow (the mother)
a gazda borjújathe calf of the farmer (the owner)

Plural:

a tehén borjaithe calves of the cow
a gazda borjúithe calves of the farmer

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative borjú borjúk
accusative borjút borjúkat
dative borjúnak borjúknak
instrumental borjúval borjúkkal
causal-final borjúért borjúkért
translative borjúvá borjúkká
terminative borjúig borjúkig
essive-formal borjúként borjúkként
essive-modal
inessive borjúban borjúkban
superessive borjún borjúkon
adessive borjúnál borjúknál
illative borjúba borjúkba
sublative borjúra borjúkra
allative borjúhoz borjúkhoz
elative borjúból borjúkból
delative borjúról borjúkról
ablative borjútól borjúktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
borjúé borjúké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
borjúéi borjúkéi
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative borjú borjak
accusative borjat borjakat
dative borjúnak borjaknak
instrumental borjúval borjakkal
causal-final borjúért borjakért
translative borjúvá borjakká
terminative borjúig borjakig
essive-formal borjúként borjakként
essive-modal
inessive borjúban borjakban
superessive borjún borjakon
adessive borjúnál borjaknál
illative borjúba borjakba
sublative borjúra borjakra
allative borjúhoz borjakhoz
elative borjúból borjakból
delative borjúról borjakról
ablative borjútól borjaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
borjúé borjaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
borjúéi borjakéi
Possessive forms of borjú
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. borjúm borjúim
2nd person sing. borjúd borjúid
3rd person sing. borjúja, borja borjúi
1st person plural borjúnk borjúink
2nd person plural borjútok borjúitok
3rd person plural borjújuk, borjuk borjúik

In relation to its biological parents:

Possessive forms of borjú
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. borjaim
2nd person sing. borjaid
3rd person sing. borjai
1st person plural borjaink
2nd person plural borjaitok
3rd person plural borjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

References

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  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*buŕa-gu”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ^ borjú in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • borjú in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • borjú in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).