bringan

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.

Verb

bringan

1. to bring

Conjugation

Conjugation of bringan (weak irregular)

infinitive	bringan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	bringo, bringon	brāhta
2nd person singular	bringis, bringist	brāhtos
3rd person singular	bringit	brāhta
1st person plural	bringon	brāhtun
2nd person plural	bringit	brāhtut
3rd person plural	bringont	brāhtun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	bringe	brāhti
2nd person singular	bringes, bringest	brāhtis
3rd person singular	bringe	brāhti
1st person plural	bringen	brāhtin
2nd person plural	bringet	brāhtit
3rd person plural	bringen	brāhtin
imperative	present
singular	bring
plural	bringit
participle	present	past
	bringandi	gibrāht

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: bringen
  • Dutch: brengen, bringen (dialectal)
    • Afrikaans: bring
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: bringgi
    • Negerhollands: breng, bring, briṅ
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: brink
    • →? Sranan Tongo: bringi
  • Limburgish: bringe
  • West Flemish: bringen

Further reading

• “bringan”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Alternative forms

• brenġan

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenk-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrin.ɡɑn/, [ˈbriŋ.ɡɑn]

Verb

bringan

1. to bring
   • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8‎^[1]:

     Iċ…, eald ǣfensceōp, eorlum bringe blisse in burgum.

     I…, old evening scop, bring bliss in towns for brave men.

   • late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     ⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.

     And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.

Conjugation

Conjugation of bringan (weak class 1)

infinitive	bringan	bringenne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	bringe	brōhte, brang
second person singular	bringest, bringst	brōhtest, brunge
third person singular	bringeþ, bringþ	brōhte, brang
plural	bringaþ	brōhton, brungon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	bringe	brōhte, brunge
plural	bringen	brōhten, brungen
imperative
singular	bring
plural	bringaþ
participle	present	past
	bringende	(ġe)brōht, (ġe)brungen

Derived terms

• forþbringan
• ġebringan
• inbringan

Descendants

• Middle English: bryngen
  • English: bring
  • Scots: bring

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bringan, from Proto-Germanic *bringaną, whence also Old Saxon brengian, Old Dutch bringan, Old Frisian brenga, Old English bringan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (briggan).

Verb

bringan

1. to bring

Conjugation

Conjugation of bringan (strong class 3)

infinitive	bringan
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	bringu, bringo	brang, brāhta
2nd person singular	bringis, bringist	brungi
3rd person singular	bringit	brang, brāhta
1st person plural	bringem, bringemēs	brungum, brungumēs
2nd person plural	bringet	brungut
3rd person plural	bringant	brungun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	bringe	brungi
2nd person singular	bringēs, bringēst	brungīs, brungīst
3rd person singular	bringe	brungi
1st person plural	bringēm, bringemēs	brungīm, brungīmēs
2nd person plural	bringēt	brungīt
3rd person plural	bringēn	brungīn
imperative	present
singular	bring
plural	bringet
participle	present	past
	bringanti	gibrungan

Descendants

• Middle High German: bringen
  • Alemannic German: bringe
  • Cimbrian: prengen
  • Central Franconian: brenge

    Hunsrik: bringe

    Luxembourgish: bréngen

  • German: bringen
  • Rhine Franconian: brenge, bringe

    Frankfurterisch: [pʀiŋg̥ə], (older) [pʀeŋə]

    Pennsylvania German: bringe

  • Vilamovian: brengia
  • Yiddish: ברענגען (brengen)

References

1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
2. Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer, Second Edition

Old Saxon

Verb

bringan

1. Alternative form of brengian

Swedish

Noun

bringan

1. definite singular of bringa