carduus

See also: Carduus

Latin

Alternative forms

• cardus, cardō, carda

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kers- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”), cognate with Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”). This root may itself be a metathesis of *kes-r-, *kser- (cf. *ksen-), from *kes-.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.du.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.du.us]

Noun

carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension

1. a wild thistle
2. the artichoke

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	carduus	carduī
genitive	carduī	carduōrum
dative	carduō	carduīs
accusative	carduum	carduōs
ablative	carduō	carduīs
vocative	cardue	carduī

Derived terms

• cardinus
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cardeo
  • Spanish: cárdeno
• carduēlis
• carduētum

Descendants

• Italian: cardo
• Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)
  • French: chardon
• Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)
  • → Italian: cardone
  • → Middle French: cardon
    • French: cardon
    • → English: cardoon
  • → Sicilian: carduni
• Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))
  • Catalan: card
  • → Old French: carde
    • French: carde
      • → English: chard
      • → Romanian: carda
    • → English: card (“comb”)
    • → Dutch: kaarden
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: cardu
  • ⇒ Asturian: garduñar
• Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Galician: cardo
  • Portuguese: cardo
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: cardo
• Piedmontese: card
• Sicilian: cardu
• → Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)

References

• “carduus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers