artichoke

English

Some artichokes

Etymology

Etymology tree

Arabic اَلـ (al-)

Andalusian Arabic الـ (al-)

Akkadian 𒅈𒋢𒌒𒁍 (arsuppu)bor.?

Middle Persian xār (hʾl)

Middle Persian čōp (cwp)

Middle Persian *xār-čōpbor.?

Arabic خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf)

Andalusian Arabic خَرْشُوف (ḵaršúf)

Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršúf)bor.

Old Spanish alcarchofabor.

Occitan artichautbor.?

Lombard articiochbor.

English artichoke

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršúf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

Pronunciation

• (rhotic) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/
• (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

artichoke (countable and uncountable, plural artichokes)

1. (countable) A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.
   • 2013 April 2, David Tanis, “Hurry Up, Spring”, in The New York Times‎^[2], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 02 April 2013, Dining & Wine‎^[3]:

     At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.
     Those harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.

2. A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.

   artichoke:  

Synonyms

• globe artichoke (edible variety)
• cardoon (wild variety)
• Cynara scolymus (the former taxonomic name)
• Cynara cardunculus (the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons)

Derived terms

• artichoke bottom
• artichoke heart
• artichokelike
• artichoke thistle
• artichokey
• choke
• French artichoke
• green artichoke
• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
• sunchoke

Descendants

• → Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)
• → Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)
• → Hindustani:
  • Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)
  • Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)
• → Indonesian: articok
• → Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)
• → Japanese: アーティチョーク
• → North Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي
• → South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي
• → Thai: อาติโช๊ค

Translations

vegetable

• Afrikaans: artisjok (af)
• Albanian: angjinare (sq) f, artiçokë f
• Amharic: ከርቹፍ (kärčuf), ኀርቹፍ (ḫärčuf)
• Arabic: خُرْشُوف m (ḵuršūf), خُرْشُوفَة f (ḵuršūfa) (singulative), أَرْضِي شَوْكِي m (ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī)

  Egyptian Arabic: خرشوف m pl (ḵaršūf), خرشوفة f (ḵaršūfa) (singulative)

  Hijazi Arabic: خَرْشوف m pl (ḵaršūf)

  Moroccan Arabic: قوق (qūq), خرشوف (ḵaršūf), خرشف (ḵuršuf), قنارية (qannāriyya)

  South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي m (ʔarḍī šōkī), إنجنار m (ʔenginār)

  Tunisian Arabic: ڨنّاريّة f (gennariya)

• Armenian: կանկառ (hy) (kankaṙ)
• Asturian: alcachofa (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: artişok, ənginar
• Basque: orburu, alkatxofa
• Belarusian: артышо́к m (artyšók)
• Bengali: হাতিচোক (bn) (haticōk)
• Bulgarian: артишо́к m (artišók)
• Burmese: ပဲပိုးတီ (my) (pai:pui:ti)
• Catalan: carxofera (ca) f (plant), carxofa (ca) (flower)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

  Mandarin: 洋薊 / 洋蓟 (zh) (yángjì), 朝鮮薊 / 朝鲜蓟 (zh) (cháoxiǎnjì), 洋百合 (yángbǎihé), 法國百合 / 法国百合 (fǎguó bǎihé)

• Cornish: askalen dhybri sg
• Czech: artyčok (cs) m
• Danish: artiskok c
• Dutch: artisjok (nl) m
• East Frisian Low German: artisjoek m, jöökel m, höökel m (Harlingerland, Jeverland)
• Esperanto: artiŝoko
• Estonian: artišokk
• Faroese: artiskokkur m
• Finnish: latva-artisokka (fi), artisokka (fi)
• French: artichaut (fr) m
• Frisian:

  West Frisian: artisjok c

• Galician: alcachofra (gl) f, herba tioura f, herba punteira f
• Georgian: არტიშოკი (arṭišoḳi)
• German: Artischocke (de) f
• Greek: αγκινάρα (el) f (agkinára)

  Ancient Greek: σκόλυμος m (skólumos), κινάρα f (kinára), κᾰ́κτος m (kắktos)

• Hebrew: אַרְטִישׁוֹק (he) m (artishók), קִנְרָס (he) m (kinrás), חֻרְשָׁף (he) m (khursháf)
• Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok), हाथीचक (hi) (hāthīcak)
• Hungarian: articsóka (hu)
• Icelandic: ætiþistill m, þistilhjarta (is) n
• Ido: artichoko (io)
• Irish: bliosán m
• Italian: carciofo (it) m
• Japanese: アーティチョーク (ja) (ātichōku), 朝鮮薊 (ja) (ちょうせんあざみ, Chōsen azami) (Korean thistle)
• Kashubian: artëczok
• Kazakh: бөрікгүл (börıkgül), артишок (artişok)
• Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)
• Kyrgyz: артишок (ky) (artişok)
• Ladino: endjinara, anginara
• Latin: carduus m
• Latvian: artišoks m
• Ligurian: articiòcca f
• Lithuanian: artišokas m
• Macedonian: артичо́ка m (artičóka)
• Malay: articok, kharsyuf
• Maltese: qaqoċċa f
• Māori: atihoka
• Navajo: azeeʼ hókániitsoh daadánígíí
• Norman: artichaut vèrt m (Jersey)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: artisjokk (no) m, artiskokk m

  Nynorsk: artisjokk m, artiskokk m

• Occitan: carchòfa (oc) f
• Pennsylvania German: Aerdabbel
• Persian: کنگر فرنگی (kangar-e farangi), آرتیشو (fa) (ârtišo), انگنار (fa) (angenâr)
• Polish: karczoch (pl) m
• Portuguese: alcachofra (pt) f, alcachofra hortense f
• Romagnol: articiòc m
• Romanian: anghinare (ro) f
• Romansh: artischocca f
• Russian: артишо́к (ru) m (artišók)
• Scottish Gaelic: bliochdan m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: артичока f

  Latin: artičoka (sh) f

• Sicilian: cacòcciulu (scn) m, cacòcciula (scn) f, carciòffula (scn) f
• Slovak: artičoka (sk) f
• Slovene: artičoka (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: artišoka f

  Upper Sorbian: artišoka f

• Spanish: alcachofa (es) f, alcaucil (es) m (Argentina, Southern Spain), alcachofera f (plant), arcacil (es) m
• Swedish: kronärtskocka (sv) c
• Tagalog: alkatsopas
• Tajik: анганор (anganor)
• Thai: อาติโช๊ค
• Turkish: enginar (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: انكنار (enginar, inginar)

• Turkmen: artişok
• Ukrainian: артишо́к (uk) m (artyšók)
• Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)
• Uzbek: artishok
• Venetan: articioco m, articiòco (vec) m, articiòch (vec) m
• Vietnamese: atisô
• Volapük: tijod (vo), (older term) tijep
• Welsh: artisiog
• Yiddish: אַרטישאָק m (artishok)

References

• Michael Quinion (2004), “Artichoke”, in Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, →ISBN.