crynu
Welsh
Etymology
Cognate with Cornish krena, kerna, Middle Breton crenaff (modern Breton krenañ).
Pronunciation
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- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 348: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "cy-S" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈkrəni/
Verb
crynu (first-person singular present crynaf) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | crynaf | cryni | crŷn, cryna | crynwn | crynwch | crynant | crynir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
crynwn | crynit | crynai | crynem | crynech | crynent | crynid | |
| preterite | crynais | crynaist | crynodd | crynasom | crynasoch | crynasant | crynwyd | |
| pluperfect | crynaswn | crynasit | crynasai | crynasem | crynasech | crynasent | crynasid, crynesid | |
| present subjunctive | crynwyf | crynych | cryno | crynom | crynoch | crynont | cryner | |
| imperative | — | cryna | cryned | crynwn | crynwch | crynent | cryner | |
| verbal noun | crynu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | crynedig crynadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cryna i, crynaf i | cryni di | crynith o/e/hi, cryniff e/hi | crynwn ni | crynwch chi | crynan nhw |
| conditional | crynwn i, crynswn i | crynet ti, crynset ti | crynai fo/fe/hi, crynsai fo/fe/hi | crynen ni, crynsen ni | crynech chi, crynsech chi | crynen nhw, crynsen nhw |
| preterite | crynais i, crynes i | crynaist ti, crynest ti | crynodd o/e/hi | crynon ni | crynoch chi | crynon nhw |
| imperative | — | cryna | — | — | crynwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms
- crŷn m (“the action or process of trembling, a shivering, a quaking”)
- cryniadur
- Crynwr m (“Quaker”)
- dirgrynu (“to tremble violently, quake, vibrate, convulse, tremble with fear, be afraid; to shake”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| crynu | grynu | nghrynu | chrynu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “crynu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies